Astronomy: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; (1900-05-10)May 10, 1900 – (1979-12-07)December 7, 1979) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist. Her work on the cosmic makeup of the universe and the nature of variable stars was foundational to modern astrophysics.

Commentary

Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; (190 0-05-10)May 10, 1900 – (1979-12-07)December 7, 1979) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist. Her work on the cosmic makeup of the universe and the nature of variable stars was foundational to modern astrophysics. She determined that stars were composed primarily of hydrogen and helium in her 1925 doctoral thesis.

Commentary

Source: Internal

Why Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin matters: The people behind the discoveries remind us that science is a human endeavour -- driven by curiosity, persistence, and often the courage to challenge accepted ideas. Her groundbreaking conclusion was initially rejected by leading astrophysicists, including Henry Norris Russell, because it co ntradicted the science of the time, which held that no significant elemental differences distinguished the Sun and Earth. Independent observations eventually proved that she was correct. Despite completing her studies, because she was a woman Payne was not eligible to receive a degree from the University of Cambridge. Similarly in America, she was not eligible to receive a doctoral degree (PhD) for her studies at Harvard University, as they did not grant doctoral degrees to women at the time. Instead, she received her doctoral degree from Radcliffe College – a liberal arts college for women that began as a study program for women within Harvard. She would go on to overcome barriers for women that she encountered in science and her success opened the door for countless women astronomers, including her Harvard colleague, Helen Sawyer Hogg. While she was a student at Cambridge, Payne was elected to the Royal Astronomical Society. Later, she became the first recipient of the American Astronomical Society’s prestigious Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy. In 1956, she was the first woman appointed as a professor and as a department chair at Harvard. Her work resulted in several published books, including The Stars of High Luminosity (1930), Variable Stars (1938), and Variable Stars and Galactic Structure (1954).

Commentary

Source: Internal

Deep dive: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Independent observations eventually proved that she was correct. Despite completing her studies, because she was a woman Payne was not eligible to receive a degree from the University of Cambridge. Similarly in America, she was n ot eligible to receive a doctoral degree (PhD) for her studies at Harvard University, as they did not grant doctoral degrees to women at the time. Instead, she received her doctoral degree from Radcliffe College – a liberal arts college for women that began as a study program for women within Harvard. She would go on to overcome barriers for women that she encountered in science and her success opened the door for countless women astronomers, including her Harvard colleague, Helen Sawyer Hogg. While she was a student at Cambridge, Payne was elected to the Royal Astronomical Society. Later, she became the first recipient of the American Astronomical Society’s prestigious Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy. In 1956, she was the first woman appointed as a professor and as a department chair at Harvard. Her work resulted in several published books, including The Stars of High Luminosity (1930), Variable Stars (1938), and Variable Stars and Galactic Structure (1954). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA)