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History: January 1 (#3)

January 1, 1773 The hymn that becomes known as "Amazing Grace", previously titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17, Faith's Review and Expectation", is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire, England.

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History: January 1 (#4)

January 1, 1772 The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.

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History: January 3 (#1)

January 3, 1957 The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch.

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History: January 3 (#2)

January 3, 2009 The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the Genesis block, is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto.

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History: January 4 (#2)

January 4, 1903 Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.

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History: January 5 (#1)

January 5, 1914 The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and minimum daily wage of $5 in salary plus bonuses.

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History: January 7 (#1)

January 7, 1955 Contralto Marian Anderson becomes the first person of color to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera.

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History: January 7 (#2)

January 7, 1954 Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York at the head office of IBM.

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History: January 7 (#4)

January 7, 1608 Fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia.

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History: January 8 (#1)

January 8, 1735 The premiere of George Frideric Handel's Ariodante takes place at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.

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History: January 11 (#3)

January 11, 1759 The first American life insurance company, the Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Ministers and of the Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of the Presbyterian Ministers (now part of Unum Group), is incorporated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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History: January 11 (#5)

January 11, 1943 Italian-American anarchist Carlo Tresca is assassinated in New York City.

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History: January 12 (#2)

January 12, 1969 The New York Jets of the American Football League defeat the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League to win Super Bowl III in what is considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history.

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History: January 15 (#2)

January 15, 1936 The first building to be completely covered in glass, built for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company, is completed in Toledo, Ohio.

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History: January 15 (#5)

January 15, 2015 The Swiss National Bank abandons the cap on the Swiss franc's value relative to the euro, causing turmoil in international financial markets.

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History: January 17 (#1)

January 17, 1950 The Great Brink's Robbery: Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car company's offices in Boston.

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History: January 19 (#4)

January 19, 1839 The British East India Company captures Aden.

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History: January 23 (#1)

January 23, 1957 American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee".

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History: January 25 (#2)

January 25, 1961 Walt Disney Productions released the animated feature One Hundred and One Dalmatians, based on Dodie Smith's 1956 children's novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians.

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History: January 25 (#3)

January 25, 1960 The National Association of Broadcasters in the United States reacts to the "payola" scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accept money for playing particular records.

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History: January 28 (#2)

January 28, 1960 The National Football League announces expansion teams for Dallas to start in the 1960 NFL season and Minneapolis-St. Paul for the 1961 NFL season.

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History: January 31 (#2)

January 31, 1901 Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters premieres at Moscow Art Theatre in Russia.

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History: February 2 (#1)

February 2, 1909 The Paris Film Congress opens, an attempt by European producers to form an equivalent to the MPPC cartel in the United States.

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History: February 4 (#3)

February 4, 2004 Facebook, a mainstream online social networking site, is founded by Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin.

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History: February 8 (#1)

February 8, 1910 The Boy Scouts of America is incorporated by William D. Boyce.

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History: February 10 (#2)

February 10, 1996 IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.

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History: February 11 (#2)

February 11, 1856 The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed.

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History: February 11 (#3)

February 11, 1937 The Flint sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers trade union.

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History: February 14 (#1)

February 14, 1924 The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).

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History: February 20 (#3)

February 20, 1872 The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City.

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History: February 21 (#3)

February 21, 1974 The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal pursuant to a truce with Egypt.

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History: February 21 (#4)

February 21, 1925 The New Yorker publishes its first issue.

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History: February 26 (#1)

February 26, 1909 Kinemacolor, the first successful color motion picture process, is first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London.

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History: March 2 (#1)

March 2, 1989 Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.

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History: March 2 (#3)

March 2, 1969 In Toulouse, France, the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.

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History: March 4 (#2)

March 4, 1957 The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.

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History: March 5 (#4)

March 5, 1872 George Westinghouse patents the air brake.

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History: March 8 (#1)

March 8, 1979 Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time.

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History: March 9 (#2)

March 9, 1959 The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.

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History: March 22 (#1)

March 22, 1906 The first England vs France rugby union match is played at Parc des Princes in Paris.

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History: March 23 (#3)

March 23, 2021 A container ship runs aground and obstructs the Suez Canal for six days.

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History: March 25 (#1)

March 25, 1957 The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members.

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History: March 26 (#1)

March 26, 1958 The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris.

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History: March 29 (#1)

March 29, 1999 The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 10,000 mark (10,006.78) for the first time, during the height of the dot-com bubble.

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History: March 29 (#3)

March 29, 1951 Hypnosis murders in Copenhagen.

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History: March 29 (#4)

March 29, 2021 The ship Ever Given is dislodged from the Suez Canal.

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History: April 6 (#2)

April 6, 1808 John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

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History: April 7 (#1)

April 7, 1964 IBM announces the System/360.

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History: April 9 (#1)

April 9, 1990 An Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 over Gadsden, Alabama, killing both of the Cessna's occupants.

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History: April 23 (#1)

April 23, 1985 Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.

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History: April 24 (#1)

April 24, 1916 Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the crew of the sunken Endurance.

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History: April 25 (#2)

April 25, 1954 The first practical solar cell is publicly demonstrated by Bell Telephone Laboratories.

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History: April 27 (#1)

April 27, 1667 Blind and impoverished, John Milton sells Paradise Lost to a printer for £10, so that it could be entered into the Stationers' Register.

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History: April 29 (#2)

April 29, 1770 James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.

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History: April 30 (#3)

April 30, 2009 Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

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History: May 1 (#1)

May 1, 1915 RMS Lusitania departs from New York City on her 202nd, and final, crossing of the North Atlantic. Six days later, the ship is torpedoed off the coast of Ireland with the loss of 1,198 lives.

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History: May 1 (#4)

May 1, 1885 The original Chicago Board of Trade Building opens for business.

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History: May 2 (#1)

May 2, 1952 A De Havilland Comet makes the first jetliner flight with fare-paying passengers, from London to Johannesburg.

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History: May 2 (#3)

May 2, 1670 King Charles II of England grants a permanent charter to the Hudson's Bay Company to open up the fur trade in North America.

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History: May 5 (#1)

May 5, 1891 The Music Hall in New York City (later known as Carnegie Hall) has its grand opening and first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor.

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History: May 7 (#2)

May 7, 1931 The stand-off between criminal Francis Crowley and 300 members of the New York Police Department takes place in his fifth-floor apartment on West 91st Street, New York City.

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History: May 8 (#1)

May 8, 1886 Pharmacist John Pemberton first sells a carbonated beverage named "Coca-Cola" as a patent medicine.

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History: May 9 (#1)

May 9, 1960 The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle's Enovid, making Enovid the world's first approved oral contraceptive pill.

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History: May 14 (#3)

May 14, 1607 English colonists establish "James Fort", which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas.

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History: May 15 (#4)

May 15, 1940 Richard and Maurice McDonald open the first McDonald's restaurant.

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History: May 17 (#2)

May 17, 1792 The New York Stock Exchange is formed under the Buttonwood Agreement.

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History: May 23 (#2)

May 23, 1609 Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place.

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History: May 24 (#1)

May 24, 1976 The Judgment of Paris takes place in France, launching California as a worldwide force in the production of quality wine.

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History: May 24 (#2)

May 24, 1883 The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic after 14 years of construction.

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History: May 26 (#1)

May 26, 1986 The European Community adopts the European flag.

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History: May 27 (#2)

May 27, 1930 The 1,046 feet (319 m) Chrysler Building in New York City, the tallest man-made structure at the time, opens to the public.

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History: May 27 (#3)

May 27, 1927 The Ford Motor Company ceases manufacture of the Ford Model T and begins to retool plants to make the Ford Model A.

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History: May 29 (#1)

May 29, 1886 The pharmacist John Pemberton places his first advertisement for Coca-Cola, which appeared in The Atlanta Journal.

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History: May 29 (#3)

May 29, 1852 Jenny Lind leaves New York after her two-year American tour.

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History: June 1 (#1)

June 1, 1961 The Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada merge to form the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the largest bank merger in Canadian history.

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History: June 12 (#1)

June 12, 1982 A nuclear disarmament rally and concert is held in New York City.

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History: June 12 (#2)

June 12, 1665 Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.

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History: June 16 (#1)

June 16, 1911 IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.

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History: June 16 (#2)

June 16, 1903 The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.

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History: June 17 (#3)

June 17, 1242 Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris.

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History: June 18 (#1)

June 18, 1948 Columbia Records introduces the long-playing record album in a public demonstration at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.

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History: June 21 (#1)

June 21, 1970 Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy in what was the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy to date.

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History: June 23 (#2)

June 23, 1810 John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.

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History: June 26 (#1)

June 26, 1977 Elvis Presley holds what will prove to be his final concert at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana.

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History: June 26 (#2)

June 26, 1974 The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.

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History: June 26 (#3)

June 26, 1889 Bangui is founded by Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac in what was then the upper reaches of the French Congo.

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History: June 26 (#4)

June 26, 1948 Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery" is published in The New Yorker magazine.

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History: July 2 (#1)

July 2, 1997 The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.

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History: July 3 (#1)

July 3, 1952 The SS United States sets sail on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship takes the Blue Riband away from the RMS Queen Mary.

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History: July 3 (#4)

July 3, 1884 Dow Jones & Company publishes its first stock average.

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History: July 4 (#4)

July 4, 1584 Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island.

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History: July 8 (#1)

July 8, 1889 The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published.

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History: July 10 (#3)

July 10, 1789 Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta.

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History: July 11 (#1)

July 11, 1950 Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.

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History: July 15 (#2)

July 15, 1870 Canadian Confederation: Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.

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History: July 16 (#4)

July 16, 1661 The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

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History: July 18 (#3)

July 18, 1968 Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.

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History: July 20 (#2)

July 20, 1903 The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.

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History: July 22 (#1)

July 22, 1793 Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.

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History: July 22 (#2)

July 22, 1598 William Shakespeare's play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers' Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers' Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.

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History: July 23 (#1)

July 23, 1936 In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.

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History: July 23 (#3)

July 23, 1903 The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.

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History: July 25 (#2)

July 25, 1908 Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.

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History: July 25 (#4)

July 25, 1538 The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.

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History: July 29 (#1)

July 29, 1871 The Connecticut Valley Railroad opens between Old Saybrook, Connecticut and Hartford, Connecticut in the United States.

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History: July 29 (#3)

July 29, 1858 United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.

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History: July 30 (#2)

July 30, 1619 In Jamestown, Virginia, the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.

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History: August 2 (#1)

August 2, 1873 The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.

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History: August 3 (#3)

August 3, 1527 The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.

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History: August 5 (#2)

August 5, 1882 Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, today known as ExxonMobil, is established officially. The company would later grow to become the holder of all Standard Oil companies and the entity at the center of the breakup of Standard Oil.

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History: August 5 (#3)

August 5, 1858 Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.

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History: August 5 (#4)

August 5, 1874 Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.

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History: August 11 (#3)

August 11, 1858 The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

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History: August 16 (#2)

August 16, 1989 A solar particle event affects computers at the Toronto Stock Exchange, forcing a halt to trading.

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History: August 17 (#1)

August 17, 1907 Pike Place Market, one of the oldest continuously operated public farmers' markets in the U.S. and a popular tourist attraction, opens in Seattle, Washington.

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History: August 17 (#3)

August 17, 1807 Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.

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History: August 17 (#4)

August 17, 1784 Classical composer Luigi Boccherini receives a pay rise of 12,000 reals from his employer, the Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón.

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History: August 20 (#1)

August 20, 1920 The first commercial radio station, 8MK (now WWJ), begins operations in Detroit.

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History: August 20 (#2)

August 20, 1926 Japan's public broadcasting company, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK) is established.

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History: August 22 (#2)

August 22, 1902 The Cadillac Motor Company is founded.

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History: August 23 (#2)

August 23, 1873 The Albert Bridge in Chelsea, London opens.

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History: August 27 (#1)

August 27, 1991 The European Community recognizes the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

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History: August 30 (#1)

August 30, 1936 The RMS Queen Mary wins the Blue Riband by setting the fastest transatlantic crossing.

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History: September 3 (#2)

September 3, 2016 The U.S. and China, together responsible for 40% of the world's carbon emissions, both formally ratify the Paris global climate agreement.

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History: September 7 (#2)

September 7, 2021 Bitcoin becomes legal tender in El Salvador.

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History: September 8 (#2)

September 8, 1810 The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board.

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History: September 12 (#2)

September 12, 1983 A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.

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History: September 14 (#1)

September 14, 1998 Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.

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History: September 16 (#2)

September 16, 1966 The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra.

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History: September 18 (#1)

September 18, 1958 The Bank of America introduces its first credit card, the BankAmericard (later renamed the VISA Card), in a test market in Fresno County, California.

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History: September 18 (#2)

September 18, 1950 TV Tupi Difusora, the first television station to broadcast in Brazil, begins transmissions on Channel 3 in São Paulo.

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History: September 20 (#1)

September 20, 1967 The Cunard Liner Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched in Clydebank, Scotland.

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History: September 27 (#1)

September 27, 1825 The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened with the engine Locomotion pulling wagons with coal and passengers from Shildon to Darlington to Stockton.

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History: September 30 (#4)

September 30, 1863 Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles, premieres in Paris.

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History: October 7 (#1)

October 7, 1913 Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving vehicle assembly line.

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History: October 7 (#2)

October 7, 1996 Fox News Channel begins broadcasting.

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History: October 9 (#1)

October 9, 1701 The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.

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History: October 11 (#1)

October 11, 2001 The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.

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History: October 12 (#2)

October 12, 2019 Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya becomes the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours with a time of 1:59:40 in Vienna.

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History: October 17 (#1)

October 17, 1907 Marconi begins the first commercial transatlantic wireless service.

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History: October 19 (#3)

October 19, 2025 Pieces of the French Crown Jewels are successfully stolen during a heist on the Louvre Museum in Paris..

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History: October 22 (#1)

October 22, 1997 Danish fugitive Steen Christensen kills two police officers, Chief Constable Eero Holsti and Senior Constable Antero Palo, in Ullanlinna, Helsinki, Finland during his prison escape.

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History: October 22 (#2)

October 22, 1907 A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the Panic of 1907.

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History: October 23 (#1)

October 23, 1989 Bankruptcy of Wärtsilä Marine, the biggest bankruptcy in the Nordic countries up until then.

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History: October 25 (#2)

October 25, 1861 The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.

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History: November 3 (#1)

November 3, 1911 Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.

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History: November 3 (#2)

November 3, 1817 The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal.

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History: November 6 (#1)

November 6, 1995 Cleveland Browns relocation controversy: Art Modell announces that he signed a deal that would relocate the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore.

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History: November 9 (#1)

November 9, 1998 A U.S. federal judge, in the largest civil settlement in American history, orders 37 U.S. brokerage houses to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for price fixing.

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History: November 10 (#1)

November 10, 1997 WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).

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History: November 14 (#2)

November 14, 1914 The Joensuu City Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, was inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland.

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History: November 14 (#3)

November 14, 1922 The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom.

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History: November 15 (#1)

November 15, 1971 Intel releases the world's first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004.

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History: November 15 (#2)

November 15, 1988 The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands.

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History: November 16 (#1)

November 16, 1914 The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.

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History: November 19 (#1)

November 19, 1985 Pennzoil wins a US$10.53 billion judgment against Texaco, in the largest civil verdict in the history of the United States, stemming from Texaco executing a contract to buy Getty Oil after Pennzoil had entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty.

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History: November 22 (#2)

November 22, 1869 In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched.

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History: November 23 (#3)

November 23, 2001 The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime is signed in Budapest, Hungary.

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History: November 25 (#1)

November 25, 1984 Thirty-six top musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio and record Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.

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History: November 28 (#2)

November 28, 1798 Trade between the United States and modern-day Uruguay begins when John Leamy's frigate John arrives in Montevideo.

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History: December 2 (#1)

December 2, 1927 Following 19 years of Ford Model T production, the Ford Motor Company unveils the Ford Model A as its new automobile.

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History: December 2 (#3)

December 2, 2001 Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

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History: December 10 (#2)

December 10, 1968 Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved "300 million yen robbery", is carried out in Tokyo.

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History: December 11 (#1)

December 11, 1815 The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance.

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History: December 14 (#2)

December 14, 1918 Giacomo Puccini's comic opera Gianni Schicchi premieres at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.

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History: December 14 (#3)

December 14, 2017 The Walt Disney Company announces that it would acquire 21st Century Fox, including the 20th Century Fox movie studio, for $52.4 billion.

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History: December 15 (#1)

December 15, 1893 Symphony No. 9 ("From the New World" a.k.a. the "New World Symphony") by Antonín Dvořák premieres in a public afternoon rehearsal at Carnegie Hall in New York City, followed by a concert premiere on the evening of December 16.

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History: December 20 (#2)

December 20, 2004 A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history.

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History: December 28 (#1)

December 28, 1967 American businesswoman Muriel Siebert becomes the first woman to own a seat on the New York Stock Exchange.

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History: December 31 (#2)

December 31, 1759 Arthur Guinness signs a 9,000-year lease at £45 per annum and starts brewing Guinness.

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History: December 31 (#3)

December 31, 1831 Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.

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History: December 31 (#4)

December 31, 1600 The British East India Company is chartered.

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