Song of Solomon 4:8 KJV

Song of Solomon 4:8

"Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions’ dens, from the mountains of the leopards."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon,.... This is a new title given the church, my "spouse"; here first mentioned, because the day of espousals was over, Sol 3:11 ; and having on the wedding garment, in which she was so fair and spotless, as before described, she looked somewhat like a bride, and the spouse of Christ; and is chiefly used by Christ, to prevail upon her to go with him, which relation, duty, and affection, obliged her to do. The invitation is to come with him from Lebanon, which is repeated, to show earnestness and vehemency; not Lebanon, literally taken, a mountain to the north of the land of Canaan, famous for odoriferous trees, and where to be was delightful; but figuratively, the temple, made of the wood of Lebanon, and Jerusalem, in which it was, which in Christ's time was a den of thieves, and from whence Christ called out his people; or this being a pleasant mountain, may signify those carnal sensual pleasures, from which

Christ calls his people off. Some render the words, "thou shalt come with me", &c. (u), being influenced by the powerful grace of Christ, and drawn by his love; and what he invites and exhorts unto, he gives grace to enable to perform; look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions' dens, from the mountains of the leopards; Amana is thought by some to be the mountain which divided Cilicia from Syria, taken notice of by several writers (w); but it seems too distant from Lebanon; perhaps it is the same with Abana, from whence was a river of that name, Kg2 5:12 ; where, in the "Keri" or margin, it is read Amana; so the Targum here explains it of the people that dwelt by the river Amana, which washed the country of Damascus: Jarchi takes it to be the same with Hor, a mountain on the northern border of Israel; and indeed, wherever mention is made of this mountain, the Targum has it, Taurus Umanus; and, according to Ptolemy (x), Amanus was a part of Mount Taurus, with which it is joined by Josephus (y); and with that and Lebanon, and Carmel, by Aelianus (z), Shenir and Hermon were one and the same mountain, called by different names; Hermon might be the common name to the whole; and that part of it which belonged to the Sidonians was called by them Sirion; and that which the Amorites possessed Shenir, Deu 3:9 ; Now all these mountains might be called "dens of lions", and "mountains of leopards"; both because inhabited by such beasts of prey; hence we read of the lions of Syria (a), and of leopards (b) in those parts; in the land of Moab, and in the tribe of Gad, were places called Bethnimrah, and the waters of Nimrim, which seem to have their names from leopards that formerly haunted those places, Num 32:36 ; or because inhabited by cruel, savage, and tyrannical persons; particularly Amana, in Cilicia or Syria, as appears from Strabo (c), Lucan (d), and Cicero (e); and Shenir and Hermon were formerly, as Jarchi observes, the dens of those lions, Og king of Bashan, and Sihon king of the Amorites: unless rather these were the names of some places near Lebanon; for Adrichomius (f) says, "the mountain of the leopards, which was round and high, was two miles from Tripoli northward, three from Arce southward, and one from Lebanon.'' Now these words may be considered as a call of Christ to his people, to come out from among wicked men, comparable to such creatures; and he makes use of two arguments to enforce it: the one is taken from the nature of such men, and the danger of being with them; who are like to lions, for their cruel and persecuting temper; and to leopards, for their being full of the spots of sin; and for their craftiness and malice, exercised towards those who are quiet in the land; and for their swiftness and readiness to do mischief; wherefore it must be both uncomfortable and unsafe to be with such persons: the other argument is taken from their enjoyment of Christ's company and presence, which must be preferable to theirs, for pleasure, profit, and safety, and therefore most eligible. Besides, Christ chose not to go without his church; she was so fair, as before described, and so amiable and lovely in his sight, as follows. (u) "venies", Pagninus, Montanus, Mercerus, Junius & Tremellius. (w) Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 5. c. 22. Mela de Situ Orbis, l. 1. c. 12. Solin. Polyhistor. c. 51. (x) Geograph. l. 5. c. 8. (y) Antiqu. l. 5. c. 6. s. 1. (z) De Animal. l. 5. c. 56. (a) Aristot. Hist. Animal. l. 6. c. 3, Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 8. c. 16. (b) Vid. Ignatii Epist. ad Roman. p. 58. Brocard. in Cocceii Lexic. p. 123. (c) Geograph. l. 14. p. 465. & l. 16. p. 517. (d) Pharsalia, l. 3. v. 244. "vencre feroces, et cultor", Amana. (e) Ad Attic. l. 5. Ep. 20. (f) Theatrum Terrae Sanctae, p. 186.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (16 words)

H0854 אֵת

Definition:

25;Joshua 14:12, next2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively)1 Kings 20—2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g.1 Kings 20:25(but1 Kings 20:23אִתָּם)1 Kings 22:7,8,24 (besideמֵאִתִּי)2 Kin 25;Joshua 14:12, next2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively)1 Kings 20—2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g.1 Kings 20:25(but1 Kings 20:23אִתָּם)1 Kings 22:7,8,24 (besideמֵאִתִּי)2 Kin

Possible Meanings:

sign (semantic_range)

H3844 לְבָנוֹן

Definition:

25הַלְּבָנֹןvan d. H.)71proper name, of a mountainLebanon(Phoenicianלבנן; AssyrianLabnanu, etc., SchrCOT on1 Kings 5:13, DlPar. 103 ff.; EgyptianRa-mn-nWMMAsien u.Europa,197ff.; Arabiccompare further 25הַלְּבָנֹןvan d. H.)71proper name, of a mountainLebanon(Phoenicianלבנן; AssyrianLabnanu, etc., SchrCOT on1 Kings 5:13, DlPar. 103 ff.; EgyptianRa-mn-nWMMAsien u.Europa,197ff.; Arabiccompare further

H3618 כַּלָה

Definition:

3214t.; suffixכַּלָּתוֺGenesis 11:315t.;כַּלָּתָהּRuth 1:222t., etc.; plural suffixכַּלֹּתֶיהָRuth 1:6,8,כַּלּוֺתֶיהָRuth 1:7,כַּלּוֺתֵיהֶםHosea 4:13,14; —1daughter-in-law, in reference to husband's f 3214t.; suffixכַּלָּתוֺGenesis 11:315t.;כַּלָּתָהּRuth 1:222t., etc.; plural suffixכַּלֹּתֶיהָRuth 1:6,8,כַּלּוֺתֶיהָRuth 1:7,כַּלּוֺתֵיהֶםHosea 4:13,14; —1daughter-in-law, in reference to husband's f

Possible Meanings:

bride (semantic_range)

H0854 אֵת

Definition:

Possible Meanings:

sign (semantic_range)

H3844 לְבָנוֹן

Definition:

H0935 בּוֹא

Definition:

13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti 13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti

Possible Meanings:

come in (semantic_range)
come (semantic_range)
go in (semantic_range)
go (semantic_range)
come in (semantic_range)

H7789 שׁוּר

Definition:

26, suffixיְשׁוּרֶנּוּJob 34:29, etc.;Imperativemasculine singularשׁוּרJob 35:5; —1behold, with accusative of personNumbers 23:9;Numbers 24:17(poems in J E, ""רָאָה),לֹאתְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subject eye,Job 2 26, suffixיְשׁוּרֶנּוּJob 34:29, etc.;Imperativemasculine singularשׁוּרJob 35:5; —1behold, with accusative of personNumbers 23:9;Numbers 24:17(poems in J E, ""רָאָה),לֹאתְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subject eye,Job 2

Possible Meanings:

wall (semantic_range)

H7218 רֹאשׁ

Definition:

45head(common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic, SabeanראסPräZMG xxix (1875). 425MordtmHim.Inschr. 31; EthiopicAmharichence (aheightened) Assyrianrêšu(rarelyrâšu), Aramaicרֵישָׁא(Egyptian Aram 45head(common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic, SabeanראסPräZMG xxix (1875). 425MordtmHim.Inschr. 31; EthiopicAmharichence (aheightened) Assyrianrêšu(rarelyrâšu), Aramaicרֵישָׁא(Egyptian Aram

Possible Meanings:

chief (semantic_range)
sum (semantic_range)

H0549 אֲמָנָה

Definition:

16) flowing down from Antilebanon into the plain of Damascus2 Kings 5:12(Qr;אֲבָנָהKt), the GreekChrysorrhoas, modern ArabicNahr Barad'.2. the region from which it flows ct2 Kings 4:8.Topical LexiconM 16) flowing down from Antilebanon into the plain of Damascus2 Kings 5:12(Qr;אֲבָנָהKt), the GreekChrysorrhoas, modern ArabicNahr Barad'.2. the region from which it flows ct2 Kings 4:8.Topical LexiconM

Possible Meanings:

constant (semantic_range)

H7218 רֹאשׁ

Definition:

Possible Meanings:

chief (semantic_range)
sum (semantic_range)

H8149 שְׁנִיר

Definition:

Amorite name of HermonDeuteronomy 3:9, whence came cypress-treesEzekiel 27:5, probably northern peak(s) of Hermon1 Chronicles 5:23;Songs 4:8(where +חֶרְמוֺן); so ArabicAbulfed. Par. 68, Syriac, Ecclus Amorite name of HermonDeuteronomy 3:9, whence came cypress-treesEzekiel 27:5, probably northern peak(s) of Hermon1 Chronicles 5:23;Songs 4:8(where +חֶרְמוֺן); so ArabicAbulfed. Par. 68, Syriac, Ecclus

H2768 חֶרְמוֹן

Definition:

48; by the Amoritesשְׂנִיר, by the SidoniansשִׂרְיֹןDeuteronomy 3:9. It has three peaks; and the namesחרמוןandשׂניר, distinguished in1 Chronicles 5:23;Songs 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks;חֶרְמו 48; by the Amoritesשְׂנִיר, by the SidoniansשִׂרְיֹןDeuteronomy 3:9. It has three peaks; and the namesחרמוןandשׂניר, distinguished in1 Chronicles 5:23;Songs 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks;חֶרְמו

Possible Meanings:

Hermon (semantic_range)
sacred (semantic_range)

H4585 מְעוֹנָה

Definition:

ofכְּפִיר,מְעֹנָתוֺAmos 3:4, so plural absoluteמְעוֺנוֺתJob 38:40(""סֻכָּה), suffixמְעוֺנֹתָםPsalm 104:22; constructמְעֹנוֺתאֲרָיוֺתSongs 4:8;מְעֹנֹתָיוNahum 2:13(""חֹרָיו; ofאַרְיֵה, figurative of Ni ofכְּפִיר,מְעֹנָתוֺAmos 3:4, so plural absoluteמְעוֺנוֺתJob 38:40(""סֻכָּה), suffixמְעוֺנֹתָםPsalm 104:22; constructמְעֹנוֺתאֲרָיוֺתSongs 4:8;מְעֹנֹתָיוNahum 2:13(""חֹרָיו; ofאַרְיֵה, figurative of Ni

H0738 אֲרִי

Definition:

15lion(Assyrianaria, Ethiopicwild beast, compare alsoאַרְיֵהbelow) —אֲרִיAmos 3:1213t.+2 Samuel 23:20Qr (Ktאריה),Lamentations 3:10(id.) +Psalm 22:17(כָּֽאֲרִיfor wh .rdכאדו=כָּרוּcompare De Pe Che cri 15lion(Assyrianaria, Ethiopicwild beast, compare alsoאַרְיֵהbelow) —אֲרִיAmos 3:1213t.+2 Samuel 23:20Qr (Ktאריה),Lamentations 3:10(id.) +Psalm 22:17(כָּֽאֲרִיfor wh .rdכאדו=כָּרוּcompare De Pe Che cri

H2042 הרָר

Definition:

From an unused root meaning to loom up; a mountain -- hill, mount(-ain).NAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originthe same ashar, q.v.Topical LexiconOverviewThe noun harar appears twelve times and consiste From an unused root meaning to loom up; a mountain -- hill, mount(-ain).NAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originthe same ashar, q.v.Topical LexiconOverviewThe noun harar appears twelve times and consiste

H5246 נָמֵר

Definition:

6leopard; — absolute׳נHosea 13:73t.; pluralנְמֵרִיםHabakkuk 1:8;Songs 4:8; —leopard, as spottedJeremiah 13:23, swiftHabakkuk 1:8, keen-eyedJeremiah 5:6(symbol of calamities of Israel), soHosea 13:7(si 6leopard; — absolute׳נHosea 13:73t.; pluralנְמֵרִיםHabakkuk 1:8;Songs 4:8; —leopard, as spottedJeremiah 13:23, swiftHabakkuk 1:8, keen-eyedJeremiah 5:6(symbol of calamities of Israel), soHosea 13:7(si

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