Hebrew Word Studies (20 words)
1+, etc.;ImperfectיאֹמַרGenesis 31:8+;וַיּאֹ֫מֶרGenesis 1:3+;וַיּאֹמַ֑רGenesis 14:19+; in Job alwaysוַיּאֹ֑מַרJob 3:2+; 3 feminine singularתּאֹמַרGenesis 21:12+;תּאֹמֵר֑Proverbs 1:21; 1singularאֹמַרGe 1+, etc.;ImperfectיאֹמַרGenesis 31:8+;וַיּאֹ֫מֶרGenesis 1:3+;וַיּאֹמַ֑רGenesis 14:19+; in Job alwaysוַיּאֹ֑מַרJob 3:2+; 3 feminine singularתּאֹמַרGenesis 21:12+;תּאֹמֵר֑Proverbs 1:21; 1singularאֹמַרGe
- lamb (semantic_range)
1,3,4,5,8,11,14,15,19,23;Ruth 3:2,7;Ruth 4:1(twice in verse);Ruth 4:5;Ruth 4:8;Ruth 4:9;Ruth 4:13; alsoRuth 4:21(twice in verse);1 Chronicles 2:11,12 (ᵐ5Βοος,Βοοζ).2name of the left hand of two pillar 1,3,4,5,8,11,14,15,19,23;Ruth 3:2,7;Ruth 4:1(twice in verse);Ruth 4:5;Ruth 4:8;Ruth 4:9;Ruth 4:13; alsoRuth 4:21(twice in verse);1 Chronicles 2:11,12 (ᵐ5Βοος,Βοοζ).2name of the left hand of two pillar
- quickness (semantic_range)
13and (seldom, mostly late)masculineEzra 10:14time(Late Hebrewid.; Phoenicianעת; Assyrianinu, ittu,time; Talmudעַנְתָּא; clearly from a √ענה, but doubtful whether I.׳ע); — absolute׳עHosea 10:12+, cons 13and (seldom, mostly late)masculineEzra 10:14time(Late Hebrewid.; Phoenicianעת; Assyrianinu, ittu,time; Talmudעַנְתָּא; clearly from a √ענה, but doubtful whether I.׳ע); — absolute׳עHosea 10:12+, cons
- usual time (semantic_range)
- proper (semantic_range)
- suitable time (semantic_range)
36food (Arabic, Aramaicאוּכְלָא,, AssyrianakaluDlW, Ethiopic) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 41:35+; constructGenesis 41:35,48; suffixאָכְלֶ֑ךָLeviticus 25:37;אָכְלוMalachi 1:12, etc.; — Hexateuch mostly J E D, n 36food (Arabic, Aramaicאוּכְלָא,, AssyrianakaluDlW, Ethiopic) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 41:35+; constructGenesis 41:35,48; suffixאָכְלֶ֑ךָLeviticus 25:37;אָכְלוMalachi 1:12, etc.; — Hexateuch mostly J E D, n
- eat (semantic_range)
- devour (semantic_range)
14+,יִגָּ֑שׁPsalm 91:7,וַיִּגַּשׁGenesis 18:23+; 3 feminine singularוַתִּגַּשׁGenesis 33:7; 2masculine singularתִּגַּשֿׁIsaiah 65:5; 3masculine pluralיִגְּשׁוּIsaiah 41:1+,יִגָּ֑שׁוּExodus 24:2,יִגַּ֑ 14+,יִגָּ֑שׁPsalm 91:7,וַיִּגַּשׁGenesis 18:23+; 3 feminine singularוַתִּגַּשׁGenesis 33:7; 2masculine singularתִּגַּשֿׁIsaiah 65:5; 3masculine pluralיִגְּשׁוּIsaiah 41:1+,יִגָּ֑שׁוּExodus 24:2,יִגַּ֑
- draw near (semantic_range)
- approach (semantic_range)
- draw near (semantic_range)
- come near (semantic_range)
- draw near (semantic_range)
5אַלתִּֿקְרַב הֲלֹםapproach nothither,Judges 18:3;Judges 20:7;1 Samuel 10:22;1 Samuel 14:16and lo, the camp melted awayוַיֵּלֶךְ וַהֲלֹםread withᵐ5(ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν) Th We Drהֲלֹם וַהֲלֹםhither and thi 5אַלתִּֿקְרַב הֲלֹםapproach nothither,Judges 18:3;Judges 20:7;1 Samuel 10:22;1 Samuel 14:16and lo, the camp melted awayוַיֵּלֶךְ וַהֲלֹםread withᵐ5(ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν) Th We Drהֲלֹם וַהֲלֹםhither and thi
28+;אָֽכְלָהNumbers 21:28+; etc.ImperfectיאֹבַלGenesis 49:27+;וַיּאֹ֫כַלGenesis 25:34+;וַיּאֹכַ֑לGenesis 3:6+;יאֹכֵ֑לLeviticus 21:22+;אֹכַלGenesis 24:33+;וָָֽאֹכַ֫לGenesis 27:33;וְאֹכֵ֑לIsaiah 44:19;ו 28+;אָֽכְלָהNumbers 21:28+; etc.ImperfectיאֹבַלGenesis 49:27+;וַיּאֹ֫כַלGenesis 25:34+;וַיּאֹכַ֑לGenesis 3:6+;יאֹכֵ֑לLeviticus 21:22+;אֹכַלGenesis 24:33+;וָָֽאֹכַ֫לGenesis 27:33;וְאֹכֵ֑לIsaiah 44:19;ו
- eat (semantic_range)
- devour (semantic_range)
2; 2Chronicles 20:11) contracted toמִי(asמִידֵיfromמִיְּדֵי), before guttural andר, mostlyמֵ, occasionallyמִ(Ges§ 102, l R.; more fully Köii. 291ff),מִןbefore article in all books much commoner than - 2; 2Chronicles 20:11) contracted toמִי(asמִידֵיfromמִיְּדֵי), before guttural andר, mostlyמֵ, occasionallyמִ(Ges§ 102, l R.; more fully Köii. 291ff),מִןbefore article in all books much commoner than -
- out of (semantic_range)
- by (semantic_range)
- by reason of (semantic_range)
- at (semantic_range)
7and (rarely)feminineGenesis 49:20(see below, and Dr1Samuel 10:4)bread, food(Phoenicianלחםbread; Late Hebrewלֶחֶם; Aramaicלַחְמָא,, as Hebrew; Arabicflesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute׳לGenesis 7and (rarely)feminineGenesis 49:20(see below, and Dr1Samuel 10:4)bread, food(Phoenicianלחםbread; Late Hebrewלֶחֶם; Aramaicלַחְמָא,, as Hebrew; Arabicflesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute׳לGenesis
- feast (semantic_range)
65t.;וְטָבַלְתְּconsecutiveRuth 2:14;וּטְבַלְתֶּםconsecutiveExodus 12:22;ImperfectוַיִּטְבֹּלLeviticus 9:93t.; 2 masculine singular suffixתִּטְבְּלֵנִיJob 9:31;וַיִּטְבְּלוּGenesis 37:31—dip:1transiti 65t.;וְטָבַלְתְּconsecutiveRuth 2:14;וּטְבַלְתֶּםconsecutiveExodus 12:22;ImperfectוַיִּטְבֹּלLeviticus 9:93t.; 2 masculine singular suffixתִּטְבְּלֵנִיJob 9:31;וַיִּטְבְּלוּGenesis 37:31—dip:1transiti
- wind about, wrap up (semantic_range)
- turban (semantic_range)
1fragment, bit, morsel of bread; — absoluteתֲרֵבָה׳פProverbs 17:1a dry morsel; constructמַּתלֶֿחֶםGenesis 18:5;Judges 19:5;1 Samuel 2:36;1 Samuel 28:22;1 Kings 17:11;Proverbs 28:21; suffixמִּתִּיJob 3 1fragment, bit, morsel of bread; — absoluteתֲרֵבָה׳פProverbs 17:1a dry morsel; constructמַּתלֶֿחֶםGenesis 18:5;Judges 19:5;1 Samuel 2:36;1 Samuel 28:22;1 Kings 17:11;Proverbs 28:21; suffixמִּתִּיJob 3
263t.; constructNumbers 6:3(twice in verse); — a common condimentRuth 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (יין׳חandשֵׁכָר׳ח)Numbers 6:3(twice in verse) (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty manPsalm 69:22(fi 263t.; constructNumbers 6:3(twice in verse); — a common condimentRuth 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (יין׳חandשֵׁכָר׳ח)Numbers 6:3(twice in verse) (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty manPsalm 69:22(fi
- be ruthless (semantic_range)
8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face 8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face
- remain (semantic_range)
32side; —צַדabsoluteEzekiel 34:21;Isaiah 60:4, construct2 Samuel 2:16+; suffixצִדָּהּGenesis 6:16+, etc; forצִדָּה1 Samuel 20:20readצַ֫דָּה(orצִדֹּה; compare Dr, >צִ֫דָּה); pluralצִדִּיםJudges 2:3, re 32side; —צַדabsoluteEzekiel 34:21;Isaiah 60:4, construct2 Samuel 2:16+; suffixצִדָּהּGenesis 6:16+, etc; forצִדָּה1 Samuel 20:20readצַ֫דָּה(orצִדֹּה; compare Dr, >צִ֫דָּה); pluralצִדִּיםJudges 2:3, re
A primitive root; to dock off, i.e. Curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain) -- X at all, cut down, much discouraged, grieve, harvestman, lot A primitive root; to dock off, i.e. Curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain) -- X at all, cut down, much discouraged, grieve, harvestman, lot
- reap (semantic_range)
- reap (semantic_range)
14(accusative of thing).I.צבע(√ of following; Late Hebrewצָבַעdye; Assyrianƒibûtum, ƒubâtu,dyed stuff(see ZehnpfBAS i.519); ArabicAramaicצְבַע, alldip, dye).Topical LexiconMeaning and Central IdeaThe 14(accusative of thing).I.צבע(√ of following; Late Hebrewצָבַעdye; Assyrianƒibûtum, ƒubâtu,dyed stuff(see ZehnpfBAS i.519); ArabicAramaicצְבַע, alldip, dye).Topical LexiconMeaning and Central IdeaThe
- reach (semantic_range)
- hold out (semantic_range)
17parched grain, a common food (RobBR ii.50AnderlindZPV ix. 3); — absolute׳ק1 Samuel 25:18;2 Samuel 17:28a +2 Samuel 17:28b (but dittograph, strike outᵐ5ᵑ6and Comm.),Leviticus 23:14(P),Ruth 2:14; =קָל 17parched grain, a common food (RobBR ii.50AnderlindZPV ix. 3); — absolute׳ק1 Samuel 25:18;2 Samuel 17:28a +2 Samuel 17:28b (but dittograph, strike outᵐ5ᵑ6and Comm.),Leviticus 23:14(P),Ruth 2:14; =קָל
28+;אָֽכְלָהNumbers 21:28+; etc.ImperfectיאֹבַלGenesis 49:27+;וַיּאֹ֫כַלGenesis 25:34+;וַיּאֹכַ֑לGenesis 3:6+;יאֹכֵ֑לLeviticus 21:22+;אֹכַלGenesis 24:33+;וָָֽאֹכַ֫לGenesis 27:33;וְאֹכֵ֑לIsaiah 44:19;ו 28+;אָֽכְלָהNumbers 21:28+; etc.ImperfectיאֹבַלGenesis 49:27+;וַיּאֹ֫כַלGenesis 25:34+;וַיּאֹכַ֑לGenesis 3:6+;יאֹכֵ֑לLeviticus 21:22+;אֹכַלGenesis 24:33+;וָָֽאֹכַ֫לGenesis 27:33;וְאֹכֵ֑לIsaiah 44:19;ו
- eat (semantic_range)
- devour (semantic_range)
); —Qal79Perfect3masculine singularשָׂבַע1 Chronicles 23:1,׳וְשׂconsecutiveDeuteronomy 31:20; 3pluralשָׂבֵ֑עוּIsaiah 9:19,׳ושׂconsecutiveDeuteronomy 14:29;Deuteronomy 26:12, etc.;Imperfect3masculine s ); —Qal79Perfect3masculine singularשָׂבַע1 Chronicles 23:1,׳וְשׂconsecutiveDeuteronomy 31:20; 3pluralשָׂבֵ֑עוּIsaiah 9:19,׳ושׂconsecutiveDeuteronomy 14:29;Deuteronomy 26:12, etc.;Imperfect3masculine s
- seven (semantic_range)
15the remainder.Niph`albe left over, remain over; PerfectנוֺתַרExodus 10:158t., etc.;Imperfectיִוָּתֵר2 Kings 20:172t.;יִוָּתֶ֥ר בָּ֑הּZechariah 13:8;וַיִּוָּתֵרGenesis 32:252t.;וָאִוָּתֵר1 Kings 19:1 15the remainder.Niph`albe left over, remain over; PerfectנוֺתַרExodus 10:158t., etc.;Imperfectיִוָּתֵר2 Kings 20:172t.;יִוָּתֶ֥ר בָּ֑הּZechariah 13:8;וַיִּוָּתֵרGenesis 32:252t.;וָאִוָּתֵר1 Kings 19:1
- abundance (semantic_range)
Interlinear data not available for this verse yet.
Commentary
Gill's Exposition
And Boaz said, at mealtime come thou hither,.... This looks as if she was now in the booth, or house in the field, where the reapers used to retire to eat their food, or rest themselves, or take shelter from the heat of the sun. This meal was very likely dinner, the time of which was not yet come, but would soon, and to which Boaz invited Ruth: and eat of the bread; his servants did, that is, partake of the provisions they should have; bread being put for all. So Homer (a) speaks of a large ox slain for such a meal for the reapers, besides the "polenta" afterwards mentioned, which the women prepared, and who uses the same word for it the Septuagint does here: "to dip thy morsel in the vinegar"; which was used because of the heat of the season, as Jarchi and Aben Ezra remark, for cooling and refreshment; and such virtues Pliny (b) ascribes to vinegar, as being refreshing to the spirits, binding and bracing the nerves, and very
corroborating and strengthening; and it is at this day used in Italy, it is said, in harvest time, when it is hot; where they also use wine mixed with vinegar and water, as Lavater says (c); and who from a learned physician (d) observes, that reapers, instead of wine, use vinegar mixed with a great deal of water, which they call household wine, allayed with water; to which if oil and bread be put, it makes a cooling meal, good for workmen and travellers in the heat of the sun; and the Targum calls it pottage boiled in vinegar. The Romans had an "embamma", or sauce, made of vinegar, in which they dipped their food (e); and Theocritus (f) makes mention of vinegar as used by reapers: in the Syriac version it is bread dipped in milk; and in the Arabic version milk poured upon it. The Midrash (g) gives an allegorical sense of these words, and applies them to the Messiah and his kingdom, and interprets the bread of the bread of the kingdom, and the vinegar of the chastisements and afflictions of the Messiah, as it is said, "he was wounded for our transgressions", &c. Isa 53:5 which, by the way, is a concession that the prophecy in that chapter relates to him: and she sat beside the reapers; the women reapers; she did not sit along with them, or in thee midst of them, in the row with them, as ranking with them, but on one side of them, which was an instance of her great modesty: and he reached her parched corn; either Boaz himself, or he that was set over the reapers. This parched corn seems to be the new barley they were reaping, which they fried in a pan and ate. Galen says (h), the parched corn which is best is made of new barley moderately dried and parched; and that it was the custom of some to drink the same with new sweet wine, or wine mixed with honey, in the summertime, before they went into the bath, who say they feel themselves by this drink freed from thirst. But this seems to be a kind of food, what is sometimes called "polenta", which is barley flour dried at the fire, and fried after it hath been soaking in water one night; so Lavater says, they dry the barley, having been soaked one night in water, the next day they dry it, and then grind it in mills; some dress new barley beaten out of green ears, and make it while moist into balls, and being cleansed, grind it; and thus dressed with twenty pound of barley, they put three pound of linseed, half a pound of coriander seed, and of salt, all being dried before, are mingled in a mill; and if to be kept, are put into new earthen vessels with the meal and bran: but a later writer (i) takes this "Kali", rendered parched corn, not to be anyone certain species, but something made of corn and pulse, as lentiles, beans, &c. and especially fried or parched vetches, of all which together was this kali or pulse; and he refutes the notion of some, who take it to be "coffee", since that has only been in use since the beginning of the sixteenth century, and at first in Arabia; and is not of the kind of pulse, but is the fruit of a certain tree, of which a liquor is made, something to drink; whereas this was food, and was ate, as follows, see Sa2 17:28 . and she did eat, and was sufficed, and left; she had such a plentiful share given her, that she had more than she could eat, and was obliged to leave some, and which it seems she carried home to her mother-in-law, Rut 2:18 . (a) Iliad. 18. ver. 559, 560. (b) Nat. Hist. l. 23. c. 1. (c) In loc. (d) Christophor. "a Vega de arte Medendi", l. 2. apud ib. (e) Salmuth in Pancirol, par. 2. tit. 2. p. 83. (f) Idyll, 10. ver. 13. (g) Melrash Ruth, fol. 33. 2. (h) De Aliment. Facult. l. 1. apud Lavater. in loc. (i) Neumann. apud Rambachium in loc.