Micah 1:2
"Hear, all ye people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let the Lord GOD be witness against you, the LORD from his holy temple."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

Hear, all ye people,.... Or, "the people, all of them" (m); not all the nations of the world, but the nations of Israel, so called from their several tribes; though some (n) think the rest of the inhabitants of the earth are meant: thee are the same words which are used by Micaiah the prophet in the times of Ahab, long before this time, from whom they might be borrowed, Kg1 22:28 . The phrase in the Hebrew language, as Aben Ezra observes,

is very wonderful, and serves to strike the minds and excite the attention of men; it is like the words of a crier, in a court of judicature, calling for silence: hearken, O earth, and all that therein is; or, "its fulness" (o); the land of Israel and Judah, the whole land of promise, and all the inhabitants of it; for to them are the following words directed: and let the Lord God be witness against you; or, "in you" (p); the Word of the Lord, as the Targum; let him who is the omniscient God, and knows all hearts, thoughts, words, and actions, let him bear witness in your consciences, that what I am about to say is truth, and comes from him; is not my own word, but his; and if you disregard it, and repent not, let him be a witness against you, and for me, that I have prophesied in his name; that I have faithfully delivered his message, and warned you of your danger, and reproved you for your sins, and have kept back nothing I have been charged and entrusted with: and now, you are summoned into open court, and at the tribunal of the great God of heaven and earth; let him be a witness against you of the many sins you have been guilty of, and attend while the indictment is read, the charge exhibited, and the proof given by the Lord from his holy temple, from heaven, the habitation of his holiness; whose voice speaking from thence should be hearkened to; who from thence beholds all the actions of men, and from whence his wrath is revealed against their sins, and he gives visible tokens of his displeasure; and especially when he seems to come forth from thence in some remarkable instances of his power and providence, as follows: (m) "populi omnes ipsi", Montanus, Drusius, Piscator, Tarnovius. (n) So Burkius. (o) "et plenitude ejus", Pagninus, Montanus, Vatablus, Drusius, Cocceius, Burkius. (p) "in vobis", Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Cocceius.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (13 words)

H8085 שָׁמַע
Definition:

52+,שָׁמֵ֑עַJeremiah 36:133t.; 2 feminine singularשָׁמַ֫עַתְּ1 Kings 1:112t.; 3 pluralשָׁמֵ֑עוּJudges 2:17+, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִשְׁמַעExodus 6:30+, 1 singular cohortativeאֶשְׁמְעָהNumb 52+,שָׁמֵ֑עַJeremiah 36:133t.; 2 feminine singularשָׁמַ֫עַתְּ1 Kings 1:112t.; 3 pluralשָׁמֵ֑עוּJudges 2:17+, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִשְׁמַעExodus 6:30+, 1 singular cohortativeאֶשְׁמְעָהNumb

Possible Meanings:
  • hear (semantic_range)
  • hear (semantic_range)
  • have sense of hearing (semantic_range)
  • shew oneself obedient (semantic_range)
H5971 עַם
Definition:

Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow

Possible Meanings:
  • with (semantic_range)
H3605 כֹּל
Definition:

8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA 8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA

H7181 קָשַׁב
Definition:

3(subjectאזנים).Hiph`ilPerfect3masculine singularהִקְשִׁיבJeremiah 23:18;Psalm 66:19, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיַקְשִׁבIsaiah 42:23, etc.;Imperativemasculine singularהַקְשֵׁבJob 33:21, especia 3(subjectאזנים).Hiph`ilPerfect3masculine singularהִקְשִׁיבJeremiah 23:18;Psalm 66:19, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיַקְשִׁבIsaiah 42:23, etc.;Imperativemasculine singularהַקְשֵׁבJob 33:21, especia

Possible Meanings:
  • attentive (semantic_range)
H0776 אֶרֶץ
Definition:

11& (seldom)masculineGenesis 13:16earth, land(Phoenician, MIארץ, AssyrianirƒituCOTGloss, Arabic, Sabeanארץֿe.g. Os9DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaicאֲרַע,) 11& (seldom)masculineGenesis 13:16earth, land(Phoenician, MIארץ, AssyrianirƒituCOTGloss, Arabic, Sabeanארץֿe.g. Os9DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaicאֲרַע,)

H4393 מְלא
Definition:

4fulness, that which fills(ArabicLane2729); —׳מconstructGenesis 48:1919t.;מְלוֺEzekiel 41:8; suffixמְלוֺאוֺIsaiah 42:103t.;מְלוֺאָהּDeuteronomy 33:1612t.; —1fulnessof hand (= handful)Ecclesiastes 4:6( 4fulness, that which fills(ArabicLane2729); —׳מconstructGenesis 48:1919t.;מְלוֺEzekiel 41:8; suffixמְלוֺאוֺIsaiah 42:103t.;מְלוֺאָהּDeuteronomy 33:1612t.; —1fulnessof hand (= handful)Ecclesiastes 4:6(

Possible Meanings:
  • was filled with rage (semantic_range)
H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H0136 אֲדֹנָי
Definition:

Key first appearances in patriarchal narratives (for example,Genesis 15:2,Genesis 18:27).• Historical Books: Appeals for guidance and deliverance (for example,Joshua 7:8,2 Samuel 7:18–20).• Wisdom Lit Key first appearances in patriarchal narratives (for example,Genesis 15:2,Genesis 18:27).• Historical Books: Appeals for guidance and deliverance (for example,Joshua 7:8,2 Samuel 7:18–20).• Wisdom Lit

H3069 יְהוִֹה
Definition:

A variation ofYhovah(used after'Adonay, and pronounced by Jews as'elohiym, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounceYhovahas'Adonay) -- God.see HEBREWYhovahs A variation ofYhovah(used after'Adonay, and pronounced by Jews as'elohiym, in order to prevent the repetition of the same sound, since they elsewhere pronounceYhovahas'Adonay) -- God.see HEBREWYhovahs

Possible Meanings:
  • Yahweh (semantic_range)
  • the one bringing into being (semantic_range)
  • life-giver (semantic_range)
H5707 עֵד
Definition:

6witness(probably fromreiterating, henceemphatically affirming); —׳עabsoluteGenesis 31:48+, constructExodus 20:16+; suffixעֵדִיJob 16:19; pluralעֵדִיםNumbers 35:30+, constructעֵדֵיPsalm 27:12;Psalm 35 6witness(probably fromreiterating, henceemphatically affirming); —׳עabsoluteGenesis 31:48+, constructExodus 20:16+; suffixעֵדִיJob 16:19; pluralעֵדִיםNumbers 35:30+, constructעֵדֵיPsalm 27:12;Psalm 35

Possible Meanings:
  • even to (semantic_range)
  • until (semantic_range)
H0136 אֲדֹנָי
Definition:

Key first appearances in patriarchal narratives (for example,Genesis 15:2,Genesis 18:27).• Historical Books: Appeals for guidance and deliverance (for example,Joshua 7:8,2 Samuel 7:18–20).• Wisdom Lit Key first appearances in patriarchal narratives (for example,Genesis 15:2,Genesis 18:27).• Historical Books: Appeals for guidance and deliverance (for example,Joshua 7:8,2 Samuel 7:18–20).• Wisdom Lit

H1964 הֵיכָל
Definition:

7(onIsaiah 44:28compare Che Di)palace, temple(see also Late Hebrewid. temple, Aramaicהֵיכָלָא,הֵיכְלָא,,palace, temple, PalmyreneהכלאtempleVog16; compare Arabic(probably Aramaic loan-word according to 7(onIsaiah 44:28compare Che Di)palace, temple(see also Late Hebrewid. temple, Aramaicהֵיכָלָא,הֵיכְלָא,,palace, temple, PalmyreneהכלאtempleVog16; compare Arabic(probably Aramaic loan-word according to

H6944 קֹדֶשׁ
Definition:

11). His transcendence is so absolute that even seraphim veil their faces while crying, “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of Hosts” (Isaiah 6:3). Because His name itself is Holy (Isaiah 57:15), every othe 11). His transcendence is so absolute that even seraphim veil their faces while crying, “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of Hosts” (Isaiah 6:3). Because His name itself is Holy (Isaiah 57:15), every othe

Possible Meanings:
  • sacred (semantic_range)

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