Lamentations 4:12
"The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world,.... Not only the neighbouring nations, and the kings of them, but even such in all parts of the world that knew anything of Jerusalem: would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy

would have entered into the gates of Jerusalem; when it was besieging, they did not believe it would be taken; and when they heard it was, it was incredible to them; it being so strongly fortified by art and nature, with mountains and hills, with walls and bulwarks, and had such a vast number of people in it; and, especially, was the city of the great God, who had so often and so signally preserved and saved it: the "adversary" and "enemy" are the same, and design the Chaldeans. The Targum distinguishes them, and makes Nebuchadnezzar the ungodly to be the adversary; and Nebuzaradan the enemy, who entered to slay the people of the house of Israel, in the gates of Jerusalem; this was a marvellous thing to the nations round about. Titus, when he took this city, acknowledged it was owing to God (b); "God (says he) favouring us, we fought; God is he that has drawn the Jews out of these fortresses; for human hands and machines could have done nothing against these towers.'' (b) Joseph. De Bello Jud. l. 6. c. 9. sect. 1.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (14 words)

H3808 לֹא
Definition:

11) {lo}; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. Negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles (as follows) -- X before, + or else, ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, 11) {lo}; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. Negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles (as follows) -- X before, + or else, ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay,

H0539 אָמַן
Definition:

1,5;Esther 2:7,2as substantivefoster-fatherNumbers 11:12(J)Isaiah 49:23.3אֹמֶנֶתfoster-mother, nurseRuth 4:16;2 Samuel 4:4.4אֹמְנוֺתpillars, supporters of the door2 Kings 18:16. Participlepassivea.הָא 1,5;Esther 2:7,2as substantivefoster-fatherNumbers 11:12(J)Isaiah 49:23.3אֹמֶנֶתfoster-mother, nurseRuth 4:16;2 Samuel 4:4.4אֹמְנוֺתpillars, supporters of the door2 Kings 18:16. Participlepassivea.הָא

Possible Meanings:
  • trust (semantic_range)
H4428 מֶלֶךְ
Definition:

4המלכן; Phoenicianמלך; ZinjirliמלךDHMSendsch. 60; Assyrianmaliku,malku,prince(Assyrianšarru=king); Arabicking(original Hebrew *מַלִחinferred, LagBN 73BaNB § 112WMMAs. u. Europ.76); SabeanמלכןSabDenkmN 4המלכן; Phoenicianמלך; ZinjirliמלךDHMSendsch. 60; Assyrianmaliku,malku,prince(Assyrianšarru=king); Arabicking(original Hebrew *מַלִחinferred, LagBN 73BaNB § 112WMMAs. u. Europ.76); SabeanמלכןSabDenkmN

Possible Meanings:
  • counsel (semantic_range)
  • advice (semantic_range)
H0776 אֶרֶץ
Definition:

11& (seldom)masculineGenesis 13:16earth, land(Phoenician, MIארץ, AssyrianirƒituCOTGloss, Arabic, Sabeanארץֿe.g. Os9DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaicאֲרַע,) 11& (seldom)masculineGenesis 13:16earth, land(Phoenician, MIארץ, AssyrianirƒituCOTGloss, Arabic, Sabeanארץֿe.g. Os9DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaicאֲרַע,)

H3605 כֹּל
Definition:

8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA 8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA

H3605 כֹּל
Definition:

8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA 8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA

H3427 יָשַׁב
Definition:

8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face 8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face

Possible Meanings:
  • remain (semantic_range)
H8398 תֵּבֵל
Definition:

5(apparentlymasculineIsaiah 14:17)world, poetic synonym ofאֶרֶץ(perhaps originally asproductive, compareיְבוּל,בּוּל, but this sense not clearly maintained; compare also Assyriantabaluinêlî tabali, by 5(apparentlymasculineIsaiah 14:17)world, poetic synonym ofאֶרֶץ(perhaps originally asproductive, compareיְבוּל,בּוּל, but this sense not clearly maintained; compare also Assyriantabaluinêlî tabali, by

H3588 כִּי
Definition:

Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,

Possible Meanings:
  • for (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
H0935 בּוֹא
Definition:

13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti 13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti

Possible Meanings:
  • come in (semantic_range)
  • come (semantic_range)
  • go in (semantic_range)
  • go (semantic_range)
  • come in (semantic_range)
H6862 צַר
Definition:

Or tsar {tsawr}; fromtsarar; narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. Trouble); also a pebble (as intsor); (transitive) an opponent (as crowding) -- adversary, afflicted(-tion), a Or tsar {tsawr}; fromtsarar; narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. Trouble); also a pebble (as intsor); (transitive) an opponent (as crowding) -- adversary, afflicted(-tion), a

Possible Meanings:
  • knives of flint (semantic_range)
H0341 אֹיֵב
Definition:

Or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of'ayab; hating; an adversary -- enemy, foe.see HEBREW'ayabNAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originactive participle ofayab, q.v.Topical LexiconConcept and S Or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of'ayab; hating; an adversary -- enemy, foe.see HEBREW'ayabNAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originactive participle ofayab, q.v.Topical LexiconConcept and S

Possible Meanings:
  • be hostile to (semantic_range)
H8179 שַׁעַר
Definition:

24(feminineIsaiah 14:31in personification, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86)gate; —׳שׁabsoluteJudges 9:40+, constructGenesis 22:17+; withהlocative,שָׁ֑עְרָהIsaiah 28:6+; pluralשְׁעָרִים2 Samuel 18:24+, construc 24(feminineIsaiah 14:31in personification, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86)gate; —׳שׁabsoluteJudges 9:40+, constructGenesis 22:17+; withהlocative,שָׁ֑עְרָהIsaiah 28:6+; pluralשְׁעָרִים2 Samuel 18:24+, construc

Possible Meanings:
  • hair (semantic_range)
H3389 יְרוּשָׁלַם
Definition:

10+;יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ1 Samuel 17:54+;לַ֫יִם-5t. according to Masora (see FrensdorffMass. Magna, 293), namelyJeremiah 26:18;1 Chronicles 3:5; 2Chronicles 25:1; 32:9 (withהlocative),Esther 2:6, (butלָ֑֫םִ-1 10+;יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ1 Samuel 17:54+;לַ֫יִם-5t. according to Masora (see FrensdorffMass. Magna, 293), namelyJeremiah 26:18;1 Chronicles 3:5; 2Chronicles 25:1; 32:9 (withהlocative),Esther 2:6, (butלָ֑֫םִ-1

Possible Meanings:
  • Jerusalem (semantic_range)

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