Lamentations 1:8
"Jerusalem hath grievously sinned; therefore she is removed: all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yea, she sigheth, and turneth backward."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

Jerusalem hath grievously sinned,.... Or, "hath sinned a sin" (r); a great sin, as the Targum; the sin of idolatry, according to some; or of covenant breaking, as others; though perhaps no particular sin is meant, but many grievous sins; since she was guilty of a multitude of

them, as in Lam 1:5 ; therefore she is removed; out of her own land, and carried captive into another: or, is "for commotion" (s); for scorn and derision; the head being moved and shook at her by way of contempt: or rather, "for separation" (t); she being like a menstruous woman, defiled and separate from society: all that honoured her despise her; they that courted her friendship and alliance in the time of her prosperity, as the Egyptians, now neglected her, and treated her with the utmost contempt, being in adversity: because they have seen her nakedness; being stripped of all her good things she before enjoyed; and both her weakness and her wickedness being exposed to public view. The allusion is either to harlots, or rather to modest women, when taken captive, whose nakedness is uncovered by the brutish and inhuman soldiers: yea, she sigheth, and turneth backward; being covered with shame, because of the ill usage of her, as modest women will, being so used. (r) "peccatum peccavit", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Vatablus. (s) "in commotionem", Montanus, Vatablus, Calvin. (t) "Ut separata", Grotius; "tanquam ex immunditia separata est", Junius & Tremellius.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (18 words)

H2399 חֵטְא
Definition:

9sin(on formation see LagBN 142) —׳חLeviticus 19:1715t.; suffixחָטְאוֺLeviticus 24:155t.,חֲטָאָו֯Lamentations 3:39,חֶטְאָםLeviticus 20:20; pluralחֲטָאִיםEcclesiastes 10:4; constructחֲטָאֵי2 Kings 10:2 9sin(on formation see LagBN 142) —׳חLeviticus 19:1715t.; suffixחָטְאוֺLeviticus 24:155t.,חֲטָאָו֯Lamentations 3:39,חֶטְאָםLeviticus 20:20; pluralחֲטָאִיםEcclesiastes 10:4; constructחֲטָאֵי2 Kings 10:2

Possible Meanings:
  • sinful (semantic_range)
  • sinners (semantic_range)
H2398 חָטָא
Definition:

31+ 29: t., 3 feminine singularחָֽטְאָהLeviticus 5:15;Lamentations 1:8,חָטָֽאָהJeremiah 50:14;Ezekiel 16:15,חָטָאתExodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect;ImperfectיֶחֱטָאLeviticus 4:312t.,תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּExodus 31+ 29: t., 3 feminine singularחָֽטְאָהLeviticus 5:15;Lamentations 1:8,חָטָֽאָהJeremiah 50:14;Ezekiel 16:15,חָטָאתExodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect;ImperfectיֶחֱטָאLeviticus 4:312t.,תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּExodus

Possible Meanings:
  • sinful (semantic_range)
  • sinners (semantic_range)
H3389 יְרוּשָׁלַם
Definition:

10+;יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ1 Samuel 17:54+;לַ֫יִם-5t. according to Masora (see FrensdorffMass. Magna, 293), namelyJeremiah 26:18;1 Chronicles 3:5; 2Chronicles 25:1; 32:9 (withהlocative),Esther 2:6, (butלָ֑֫םִ-1 10+;יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ1 Samuel 17:54+;לַ֫יִם-5t. according to Masora (see FrensdorffMass. Magna, 293), namelyJeremiah 26:18;1 Chronicles 3:5; 2Chronicles 25:1; 32:9 (withהlocative),Esther 2:6, (butלָ֑֫םִ-1

Possible Meanings:
  • Jerusalem (semantic_range)
H5921 עַל
Definition:

“The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the “The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the

Possible Meanings:
  • upon (semantic_range)
  • on account of (semantic_range)
  • to (semantic_range)
H3651 כֵּן
Definition:

29+ (on possibly construct see2near the end); pluralכֵּנִיםGenesis 42:11,19,31,33,34; —1right, usually indecl., often as substantivea right thing, especially with vbb.dicendiExodus 10:29(J)כֵּן דִּבַּ 29+ (on possibly construct see2near the end); pluralכֵּנִיםGenesis 42:11,19,31,33,34; —1right, usually indecl., often as substantivea right thing, especially with vbb.dicendiExodus 10:29(J)כֵּן דִּבַּ

Possible Meanings:
  • thus (semantic_range)
  • as follows (semantic_range)
H5206 נִידָה
Definition:

8(=נִדָּהLamentations 1:17).II.נדד(√ of following, see Köii. 1, 42; compare Arabichigh hill, hill rising high into the sky, Lane2778; alsoearth-heap, sand-heap).Topical LexiconDefinition and Conceptua 8(=נִדָּהLamentations 1:17).II.נדד(√ of following, see Köii. 1, 42; compare Arabichigh hill, hill rising high into the sky, Lane2778; alsoearth-heap, sand-heap).Topical LexiconDefinition and Conceptua

H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H3605 כֹּל
Definition:

8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA 8 Kt.),noun masculinethe whole, all(Moabite, Phoenician,id.; Aramaicכּוֺל,; Arabic; Sabeanכל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; EthiopicAssyriankullatu) — absoluteכֹּל, constructכֹּלGenesis 2:5,16,20 #NA

H3513 כָּבַד
Definition:

20; 3feminine singularכָּֽבְדָהGenesis 18:204t.;כָּבֵ֑דָהJudges 20:34; 3masculine pluralכָּֽבְדוּGenesis 48:10;ImperfectיִכְבַּדExodus 9:7;Isaiah 66:5;יִכְבָּ֑דJob 6:3;Job 33:710t. Imperfect (כָּבֵדGe 20; 3feminine singularכָּֽבְדָהGenesis 18:204t.;כָּבֵ֑דָהJudges 20:34; 3masculine pluralכָּֽבְדוּGenesis 48:10;ImperfectיִכְבַּדExodus 9:7;Isaiah 66:5;יִכְבָּ֑דJob 6:3;Job 33:710t. Imperfect (כָּבֵדGe

Possible Meanings:
  • heaviness (semantic_range)
  • weight (semantic_range)
  • mass (semantic_range)
  • abundance (semantic_range)
  • vehemence (semantic_range)
H2107 זוּל
Definition:

6(""כֶּסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ).Topical LexiconBiblical UsageThe verb appears only twice, each time portraying a downward movement—either of resources or of reputation. InIsaiah 46:6the people “pour 6(""כֶּסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ).Topical LexiconBiblical UsageThe verb appears only twice, each time portraying a downward movement—either of resources or of reputation. InIsaiah 46:6the people “pour

Possible Meanings:
  • lavish (semantic_range)
  • be cheap (semantic_range)
  • of little value (semantic_range)
  • lightly esteem (semantic_range)
H3588 כִּי
Definition:

Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,

Possible Meanings:
  • for (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
H7200 רָאָה
Definition:

7, compareריחspectacleDeuteronomy 1:12; Sabeanראיsee, expectDHMZMG xxix (1875), 506,599; Arabicsee, so Ethiopicᵑ7רֵו,רֵיוָאhumanappearance, features, etc. (compare Hebrewרְָאִי2)); —Qal1141Perfect3mas 7, compareריחspectacleDeuteronomy 1:12; Sabeanראיsee, expectDHMZMG xxix (1875), 506,599; Arabicsee, so Ethiopicᵑ7רֵו,רֵיוָאhumanappearance, features, etc. (compare Hebrewרְָאִי2)); —Qal1141Perfect3mas

Possible Meanings:
  • vision (semantic_range)
H6172 עֶרְוָה
Definition:

42;Leviticus 18:6; usually constructעֶרְוַתGenesis 9:22+, suffixעֶרְוָ˜תְךָExodus 20:23(Ginsb),Leviticus 18:10;עֶרְוָתֵךְIsaiah 47:3+;ת֯וֺLeviticus 20:17,תָ֯הּLeviticus 18:7+; suffix 3 feminine plural 42;Leviticus 18:6; usually constructעֶרְוַתGenesis 9:22+, suffixעֶרְוָ˜תְךָExodus 20:23(Ginsb),Leviticus 18:10;עֶרְוָתֵךְIsaiah 47:3+;ת֯וֺLeviticus 20:17,תָ֯הּLeviticus 18:7+; suffix 3 feminine plural

Possible Meanings:
  • dishonour (semantic_range)
H1571 גַּם
Definition:

6וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּand gavealsoto her husband,Genesis 3:27and takealsoof the tree of life,Genesis 7:3;Genesis 19:21;Genesis 24:19;Genesis 26:21;Genesis 29:27;Genesis 30:15;Genesis 32:21(גַּם הִ 6וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּand gavealsoto her husband,Genesis 3:27and takealsoof the tree of life,Genesis 7:3;Genesis 19:21;Genesis 24:19;Genesis 26:21;Genesis 29:27;Genesis 30:15;Genesis 32:21(גַּם הִ

Possible Meanings:
  • moreover (semantic_range)
  • yea (semantic_range)
H1931 הוּא
Definition:

23Kt, seeהוּא.הוּאmasculineהִיאfeminine(plural masculineהֵ֫מָּה,הֵם; feminineהֵ֫נָּה,הֵן[the latter only with prefixes]; see these words),pronoun of the 3rd person singular,he, she, used also(in both 23Kt, seeהוּא.הוּאmasculineהִיאfeminine(plural masculineהֵ֫מָּה,הֵם; feminineהֵ֫נָּה,הֵן[the latter only with prefixes]; see these words),pronoun of the 3rd person singular,he, she, used also(in both

H0584 אָנַח
Definition:

8;Joel 1:18; 3pluralנֶאֶנְחוּIsaiah 24:7;ImperfectיֵאָנַחProverbs 29:2etc.;Imperativeהֵאָנַ֯ח֑Ezekiel 21:11;Participleנֶאְנָ֑ךְEzekiel 21:12;נֶאֱנָחָהLamentations 1:21etc.; —1sigh, in token of griefIs 8;Joel 1:18; 3pluralנֶאֶנְחוּIsaiah 24:7;ImperfectיֵאָנַחProverbs 29:2etc.;Imperativeהֵאָנַ֯ח֑Ezekiel 21:11;Participleנֶאְנָ֑ךְEzekiel 21:12;נֶאֱנָחָהLamentations 1:21etc.; —1sigh, in token of griefIs

Possible Meanings:
  • groan (semantic_range)
  • groan (semantic_range)
H7725 שׁוּב
Definition:

33+, 3 feminine singularשָׁ֫בָהRuth 1:15+,וְשָׁבַתconsecutiveEzekiel 46:17(Ges§ 72o, but Co Toy Kraeוְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singularשַׁבְתָּPsalm 85:2, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיָשׁוּבHosea 11: 33+, 3 feminine singularשָׁ֫בָהRuth 1:15+,וְשָׁבַתconsecutiveEzekiel 46:17(Ges§ 72o, but Co Toy Kraeוְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singularשַׁבְתָּPsalm 85:2, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיָשׁוּבHosea 11:

Possible Meanings:
  • turn back (semantic_range)
  • return (semantic_range)
  • turn back (semantic_range)
  • return (semantic_range)
  • turn back (semantic_range)
H0268 אָחוֹר
Definition:

—a.as accusative, in poetrybackwards23t. ( = proseאֲחֹרַנִּית) with verbs such asנָפַלfallGenesis 49:17,נָשׂוֺגbe turned2 Samuel 1:22(""תָּשׁוּברֵיקָם),שׁוּבPsalm 9:4;Psalm 56:10+,נָסוֺגPsalm 35:4;Psa —a.as accusative, in poetrybackwards23t. ( = proseאֲחֹרַנִּית) with verbs such asנָפַלfallGenesis 49:17,נָשׂוֺגbe turned2 Samuel 1:22(""תָּשׁוּברֵיקָם),שׁוּבPsalm 9:4;Psalm 56:10+,נָסוֺגPsalm 35:4;Psa

Possible Meanings:
  • the hinder side (semantic_range)
  • back part (semantic_range)

Interlinear data not available for this verse yet.

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