Hebrew Word Studies (20 words)
“The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the “The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the
- upon (semantic_range)
- on account of (semantic_range)
- to (semantic_range)
4& often: in apposition to a substantive with a pronominal suffix (alwayswithoutthe article)Exodus 9:14(read with Hi.אֵלֶּה בְּךָforאֶללִֿבְּךָ)Exodus 10:1אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּהthesemy signs,Exodus 11:8;Deute 4& often: in apposition to a substantive with a pronominal suffix (alwayswithoutthe article)Exodus 9:14(read with Hi.אֵלֶּה בְּךָforאֶללִֿבְּךָ)Exodus 10:1אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּהthesemy signs,Exodus 11:8;Deute
17;Genesis 9:9,12 + often Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])Genesis 18:17הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִיAmos I hidingfrom Abraham 17;Genesis 9:9,12 + often Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])Genesis 18:17הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִיAmos I hidingfrom Abraham
- ships (semantic_range)
- fleet (semantic_range)
14;Hosea 12:5;וּבָֽכְתָהconsecutiveDeuteronomy 21:13;בָּכִ֫יתִּיJob 30:25, etc.;ImperfectוַיֵּבְךְGenesis 37:3516t. (וַיֵּבְךְּGenesis 27:28etc.); 3 feminine singularתִּבְכֶּה1 Samuel 1:102t.;וַתִּבְכ 14;Hosea 12:5;וּבָֽכְתָהconsecutiveDeuteronomy 21:13;בָּכִ֫יתִּיJob 30:25, etc.;ImperfectוַיֵּבְךְGenesis 37:3516t. (וַיֵּבְךְּGenesis 27:28etc.); 3 feminine singularתִּבְכֶּה1 Samuel 1:102t.;וַתִּבְכ
- a weeping (semantic_range)
9seeעין.עִוְעִיםsee below I.עוה.I.עַ֫יִן859noun feminineGenesis 3:7and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 75)masculineeye(ancient Semitic word; √ and relation to II.׳עunknown; Late Hebrewid.; Ph 9seeעין.עִוְעִיםsee below I.עוה.I.עַ֫יִן859noun feminineGenesis 3:7and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 75)masculineeye(ancient Semitic word; √ and relation to II.׳עunknown; Late Hebrewid.; Ph
9seeעין.עִוְעִיםsee below I.עוה.I.עַ֫יִן859noun feminineGenesis 3:7and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 75)masculineeye(ancient Semitic word; √ and relation to II.׳עunknown; Late Hebrewid.; Ph 9seeעין.עִוְעִיםsee below I.עוה.I.עַ֫יִן859noun feminineGenesis 3:7and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 75)masculineeye(ancient Semitic word; √ and relation to II.׳עunknown; Late Hebrewid.; Ph
18+;יְרַדJudges 5:13(twice in verse) (but readיָרַדorיֵרֵד);רַדJudges 19:11(readיָרַד), etc.;ImperfectיֵרֵדGenesis 42:38+;וַיֵּ֫רֶדGenesis 11:5+;וַיֵּרַ֑ד2 Samuel 22:102t.; 3 feminine singularתֵּ֫רֶד 18+;יְרַדJudges 5:13(twice in verse) (but readיָרַדorיֵרֵד);רַדJudges 19:11(readיָרַד), etc.;ImperfectיֵרֵדGenesis 42:38+;וַיֵּ֫רֶדGenesis 11:5+;וַיֵּרַ֑ד2 Samuel 22:102t.; 3 feminine singularתֵּ֫רֶד
- come (semantic_range)
- go down (semantic_range)
- descend (semantic_range)
- come (semantic_range)
- go down (semantic_range)
14only pluralמַ֫יִםwaters, water(Late Hebrewid.; MI23[ין]מ; SI5המים; Aramaicמַיָּא,מַיִּין,Assyrianmû, pluralmê, alsomâmuDlHWB 394; ArabicEthiopic, plural; Sabean [מו],מוםpluralמון, Minaean [מה], plur 14only pluralמַ֫יִםwaters, water(Late Hebrewid.; MI23[ין]מ; SI5המים; Aramaicמַיָּא,מַיִּין,Assyrianmû, pluralmê, alsomâmuDlHWB 394; ArabicEthiopic, plural; Sabean [מו],מוםpluralמון, Minaean [מה], plur
Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,
- for (semantic_range)
- when (semantic_range)
- when (semantic_range)
9;Lamentations 1:16, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִרְחַקDeuteronomy 12:21+, etc.;Imperativefeminine singularרַחֲקִיIsaiah 54:14, masculine pluralרַחֲקוּEzekiel 11:15<PerfectרָֽחֲקוּRa Hi Sm Co To 9;Lamentations 1:16, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִרְחַקDeuteronomy 12:21+, etc.;Imperativefeminine singularרַחֲקִיIsaiah 54:14, masculine pluralרַחֲקוּEzekiel 11:15<PerfectרָֽחֲקוּRa Hi Sm Co To
- distant (semantic_range)
- far (semantic_range)
- distance (semantic_range)
2; 2Chronicles 20:11) contracted toמִי(asמִידֵיfromמִיְּדֵי), before guttural andר, mostlyמֵ, occasionallyמִ(Ges§ 102, l R.; more fully Köii. 291ff),מִןbefore article in all books much commoner than - 2; 2Chronicles 20:11) contracted toמִי(asמִידֵיfromמִיְּדֵי), before guttural andר, mostlyמֵ, occasionallyמִ(Ges§ 102, l R.; more fully Köii. 291ff),מִןbefore article in all books much commoner than -
- out of (semantic_range)
- by (semantic_range)
- by reason of (semantic_range)
- at (semantic_range)
34t.;נִח֑םJeremiah 20:162t.; 1 singularנִחַמְתִּיGenesis 6:78t.;נִחָ֑מְתִּיZechariah 8:14; 2masculine pluralנִחַמְתֶּםEzekiel 14:22;ImperfectיִנָּחֵםExodus 13:176t.;וַיִּנָּ֫תֶםGenesis 6:66t.; + 5 t. 34t.;נִח֑םJeremiah 20:162t.; 1 singularנִחַמְתִּיGenesis 6:78t.;נִחָ֑מְתִּיZechariah 8:14; 2masculine pluralנִחַמְתֶּםEzekiel 14:22;ImperfectיִנָּחֵםExodus 13:176t.;וַיִּנָּ֫תֶםGenesis 6:66t.; + 5 t.
- sorrow (semantic_range)
- repentance (semantic_range)
33+, 3 feminine singularשָׁ֫בָהRuth 1:15+,וְשָׁבַתconsecutiveEzekiel 46:17(Ges§ 72o, but Co Toy Kraeוְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singularשַׁבְתָּPsalm 85:2, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיָשׁוּבHosea 11: 33+, 3 feminine singularשָׁ֫בָהRuth 1:15+,וְשָׁבַתconsecutiveEzekiel 46:17(Ges§ 72o, but Co Toy Kraeוְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singularשַׁבְתָּPsalm 85:2, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיָשׁוּבHosea 11:
- turn back (semantic_range)
- return (semantic_range)
- turn back (semantic_range)
- return (semantic_range)
- turn back (semantic_range)
6(so evenGenesis 2:19;Numbers 31:28;1 Kings 19:2see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42SS)soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion(Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecclesias 6(so evenGenesis 2:19;Numbers 31:28;1 Kings 19:2see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42SS)soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion(Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecclesias
- take breath (semantic_range)
- refresh oneself (semantic_range)
- take breath (semantic_range)
- refresh oneself (semantic_range)
1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu
- fall out (semantic_range)
- come to pass (semantic_range)
- become (semantic_range)
- be (semantic_range)
- Fall out (semantic_range)
25+;ֵבּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16 25+;ֵבּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16
- son (semantic_range)
- son (semantic_range)
- children (semantic_range)
- youth (semantic_range)
- young men (semantic_range)
15, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִשֹּׁם;1 Kings 9:8+, 3 masculine pluralיָשֹּׁ֫מּוּJob 17:8;Psalm 40:16, etc.;Imperativemasculine pluralשֹׁ֫מוּJeremiah 2:19;Infinitive construct(?) metaplasticשַׁ 15, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיִשֹּׁם;1 Kings 9:8+, 3 masculine pluralיָשֹּׁ֫מּוּJob 17:8;Psalm 40:16, etc.;Imperativemasculine pluralשֹׁ֫מוּJeremiah 2:19;Infinitive construct(?) metaplasticשַׁ
- be appalled (semantic_range)
Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,
- for (semantic_range)
- when (semantic_range)
- when (semantic_range)
I, 1,subigere; II, 2,cogere; Syriacplay the man, is denominative fromman) —QalPerfect׳גPsalm 103:115t.;גָּבְרוּGenesis 7:196t.;גָּבֵ֑רוּ2 Samuel 1:23;Imperfectיִגְבַּר1 Samuel 2:9;וַיִּגְבְּרוּGenesi I, 1,subigere; II, 2,cogere; Syriacplay the man, is denominative fromman) —QalPerfect׳גPsalm 103:115t.;גָּבְרוּGenesis 7:196t.;גָּבֵ֑רוּ2 Samuel 1:23;Imperfectיִגְבַּר1 Samuel 2:9;וַיִּגְבְּרוּGenesi
- mighty one (semantic_range)
Or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of'ayab; hating; an adversary -- enemy, foe.see HEBREW'ayabNAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originactive participle ofayab, q.v.Topical LexiconConcept and S Or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of'ayab; hating; an adversary -- enemy, foe.see HEBREW'ayabNAS Exhaustive ConcordanceWord Originactive participle ofayab, q.v.Topical LexiconConcept and S
- be hostile to (semantic_range)
Interlinear data not available for this verse yet.
Commentary
Gill's Exposition
For these things I weep,.... The congregation of Judah, the godly among them, particularly Jeremiah, who represented them, wept for the sins the people had been guilty of, and for the punishment inflicted on them, or the sore calamities that were brought upon them. The Targum goes into particulars, and paraphrases it thus, "for the little ones that are dashed in pieces, and for the women big with child, whose bellies are ripped up, the congregation of Israel saith, I weep:'' mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water: which doubling of the words seems to express the vehemency of her passion; the greatness of the grief she was overwhelmed with. The Targum is, "my both eyes flow with tears as a fountain of water:'' because the comforter that
should relieve my soul is far from me; meaning God himself, who is the principal comforter of his people: saints may be comforters of one another, by relating to each other their gracious experiences; praying with one another, and building up each other in their most holy faith; by behaving in a kind, tender, and loving manner to each other; forgiving mutual offences; and conversing together about the glories of heaven, and being for ever with the Lord; but these sometimes are at a distance; or, like Job's friends, are miserable comforters. Ministers of the Gospel are by their character and office "Barnabases", "sons of consolation"; are trained up, appointed, and sent by the Lord to comfort his people; which they do by preaching the Gospel to them purely; by opening the Scriptures of truth clearly; by administering ordinances faithfully, and in all directing to Christ: but these sometimes are removed afar off by persecution or death; or those who bear this name do not perform their work aright. God is the chief comforter of his people; God, Father, Son, and Spirit: the Father comforts with his gracious presence; with views of covenant interest, and of the firmness and stability of it; with the precious promises of the word; with his everlasting and unchangeable love; and with discoveries of his pardoning grace and mercy. The Son is a comforter; one of the names of the Messiah with the Jews (c) is "Menachem", "the Comforter"; and who they say is here meant; and he is called the Consolation of Israel, Luk 2:25 ; who comforts by bringing near his righteousness and salvation; by his peace speaking blood, and atoning sacrifice; by directing to his fulness, and favouring with his presence. And the Holy Spirit is another comforter; who comforts by taking of the things of God, Christ, and the Gospel, and showing them to the saints; by opening and applying the promises to his people; by being the spirit of adoption, and the seal, earnest, and pledge of eternal glory: and thus, by being a comforter, the Lord "relieves the souls" of his people, under the weight of sin, the temptations of Satan, and the various afflictions of life; and prevents their fainting, and returns their souls, as the word (d) signifies; or fetches them back, when fainting and swooning away: but sometimes he withdraws himself, and stands at a distance, at least in their apprehensions; and this is matter of great grief and sorrow to them; which was the case of the church at this time: my children are desolate: those which should help and relieve her, and be a comfort to her, were destitute themselves: or, were "destroyed" (e), and were not; and which was the cause of her disconsolate state, as was Rachel's, Jer 31:15 ; because the enemy prevailed; that is, over them, as the Targum adds; over her children; and either put them to death or carried them captive. (c) T. Bab. Sanhedrin, fol. 98. 2. Echa Rabbati, fol. 50. 1. (d) "reducens animam meam", V. L. Montanus; "qui restituat", Tigurine version. (e) "perditi", V. L.