Lamentations 1:1
"How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!"

Commentary

Matthew Henry Concise

📖

Summary

The prophet sometimes speaks in his own person; at other times Jerusalem, as a distressed female, is the speaker, or some of the Jews. The description shows the miseries of

the Jewish nation.

Reflection

In this sad condition Jerusalem acknowledged her sin, and entreated the Lord to look upon her case. This is the only way to make ourselves easy under our burdens; for

it is the just anger of the Lord for man's transgressions, that has filled the earth with sorrows, lamentations, sickness, and death.

📚Read Complete Commentary

The prophet sometimes speaks in his own person; at other times Jerusalem, as a distressed female, is the speaker, or some of the Jews. The description shows the miseries of

the Jewish nation. Jerusalem became a captive and a slave, by reason of the greatness of her sins; and had no rest from suffering. If we allow sin, our greatest adversary, to have dominion over us, justly will other enemies also be suffered to have dominion. The people endured the extremities of famine and distress. In this sad condition Jerusalem acknowledged her sin, and entreated the Lord to look upon her case. This is the only way to make ourselves easy under our burdens; for it is the just anger of the Lord for man's transgressions, that has filled the earth with sorrows, lamentations, sickness, and death.

Source: Matthew Henry Concise (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (14 words)

H0349 אֵיךְ
Definition:

9;2 Samuel 1:5,14;1 Kings 12:6;Isaiah 20:6and elsewhere; often with imperfect (especially in 1 person) in an expostulationGenesis 39:9;Genesis 44:8,34;Joshua 9:7;2 Samuel 2:22;2 Samuel 12:18;Psalm 137 9;2 Samuel 1:5,14;1 Kings 12:6;Isaiah 20:6and elsewhere; often with imperfect (especially in 1 person) in an expostulationGenesis 39:9;Genesis 44:8,34;Joshua 9:7;2 Samuel 2:22;2 Samuel 12:18;Psalm 137

Possible Meanings:
  • How? (semantic_range)
  • How! (semantic_range)
H3427 יָשַׁב
Definition:

8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face 8,19וישב,Judges 1:13ואשב,dwell; Phoenicianישבdwell; ZinjirliישבsitDHMSendsch. 58; Assyrianašâbu,sit,dwell, DlHWB 244; Arabicleap, jump, Himyer. dialectsit, Lane2919; EthiopicII. 1secum cohabitare face

Possible Meanings:
  • remain (semantic_range)
H0910 בָּדָד
Definition:

Isaiah 27:10עִיר בְּצוּרָה בָּדָדthe fenced city isisolation, i.e. is solitary (substantive for adjective : Dr§ 189. 2); more usually as adverb accusative, to signifyalone,Deuteronomy 32:12; especiall Isaiah 27:10עִיר בְּצוּרָה בָּדָדthe fenced city isisolation, i.e. is solitary (substantive for adjective : Dr§ 189. 2); more usually as adverb accusative, to signifyalone,Deuteronomy 32:12; especiall

Possible Meanings:
  • talk idly (semantic_range)
H5892 עִיר
Definition:

Or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4) {aw-yar'}; fromuwra city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post) -- Ai (from margin), city, c Or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4) {aw-yar'}; fromuwra city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post) -- Ai (from margin), city, c

Possible Meanings:
  • wakeful (semantic_range)
  • one (semantic_range)
  • angel (semantic_range)
H7227 רַב
Definition:

By contracted fromrabab; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) -- (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, lon By contracted fromrabab; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) -- (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, lon

H5971 עַם
Definition:

Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow

Possible Meanings:
  • with (semantic_range)
H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H0490 אַלְמָנָה
Definition:

11+; no construct; pluralאַלְמָנוֺתExodus 22:23+; plural suffixאַלְמְנוֺתָיוJob 27:18, etc. —widow1 Kings 17:20;׳אִשָּׁה אַ2 Samuel 14:5(""וַיָּ֫מָת אִישִׁי)1 Kings 7:14;1 Kings 11:26;1 Kings 17:9,10; 11+; no construct; pluralאַלְמָנוֺתExodus 22:23+; plural suffixאַלְמְנוֺתָיוJob 27:18, etc. —widow1 Kings 17:20;׳אִשָּׁה אַ2 Samuel 14:5(""וַיָּ֫מָת אִישִׁי)1 Kings 7:14;1 Kings 11:26;1 Kings 17:9,10;

H7227 רַב
Definition:

By contracted fromrabab; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) -- (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, lon By contracted fromrabab; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality) -- (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, lon

H1471 גּוֹי
Definition:

2nation, people(Late Hebrewid. Gentiles, Phoenicianגוcommunity,, Sabeanגוid., DHMZMG 1883, 348) —׳גGenesis 12:2121t.; suffix 1 singularגּוֺיִZephaniah 2:9,גּוֺיֶ֑ךָPsalm 106:5,גּוֺיֵךְKtEzekiel 36:13, 2nation, people(Late Hebrewid. Gentiles, Phoenicianגוcommunity,, Sabeanגוid., DHMZMG 1883, 348) —׳גGenesis 12:2121t.; suffix 1 singularגּוֺיִZephaniah 2:9,גּוֺיֶ֑ךָPsalm 106:5,גּוֺיֵךְKtEzekiel 36:13,

H8282 שָׂרָה
Definition:

1; pluralשָׂרוֺת1 Kings 11:3, constructid.Esther 1:18; suffixשָׂרוֺתֶיהָJudges 5:29,תֵיהֶם-Isaiah 49:23; —princessattending Sisera's motherJudges 5:29; so Solomon's wives1 Kings 11:3, other queensIsai 1; pluralשָׂרוֺת1 Kings 11:3, constructid.Esther 1:18; suffixשָׂרוֺתֶיהָJudges 5:29,תֵיהֶם-Isaiah 49:23; —princessattending Sisera's motherJudges 5:29; so Solomon's wives1 Kings 11:3, other queensIsai

Possible Meanings:
  • bracelet (semantic_range)
H4082 מְדִינָה
Definition:

128t.; pluralמְדִינוֺת1 Kings 20:1423t.; — a district of an empire,1districts of realm of Ahab withשׂריםover them1 Kings 20:14,15,17,19.2of the Babylonian empire:Ezekiel 19:8;Daniel 8:2(of Elam);שָׂרָ 128t.; pluralמְדִינוֺת1 Kings 20:1423t.; — a district of an empire,1districts of realm of Ahab withשׂריםover them1 Kings 20:14,15,17,19.2of the Babylonian empire:Ezekiel 19:8;Daniel 8:2(of Elam);שָׂרָ

Possible Meanings:
  • province (semantic_range)
H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H4522 מַס
Definition:

27usuallycollectivebody of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom (ᵑ7מִסָּא, especially in phraseמַסְּקֵי מִיסִּין(implying late and [for B 27usuallycollectivebody of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom (ᵑ7מִסָּא, especially in phraseמַסְּקֵי מִיסִּין(implying late and [for B

Possible Meanings:
  • despairing (semantic_range)
  • melting (semantic_range)
  • failing (semantic_range)
  • collapsing (semantic_range)

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