Judges 7:13
"And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

And when Gideon was come,.... With his servant, near and within hearing the talk and conversation of the outer guards or sentinels: there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow; his comrade that stood next him, and was upon guard with him; perhaps it was a dream he had dreamed the night before or this selfsame night, being just called up to take his turn in the watch, and so it was fresh upon his mind: and said, behold, I dreamed a dream, and,

lo; thus it was as I am going to relate; twice he uses the word "behold", or "lo", the dream having rely much struck and impressed his mind, and was what he thought worthy of the attention of his comrade: a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian: barley bread, Pliny (z) says, was the most ancient food; the word for "cake" (a) signifies a "shadow", and may design the appearance of a barley loaf; or something like one to him appeared in the dream: or a "noise"; the noise of it rolling and tumbling, so that it seemed to the soldier that he heard a noise, as well as saw something he took for a barley loaf. Jarchi observes, that it signifies a cake baked upon coals, and it seemed to this man as if it came smoking hot from the coals, tumbling down an hill, such an one where Gideon and his army were and rolling into the host of Midian, which lay in a valley: and came unto a tent; or, "the tent (b)" the largest and most magnificent in the host; and Josephus (c) calls it expressly the king's tent, and the Arabic version the tent of the generals: and smote it that it fell; which might justly seem strange, that a barley loaf should come with such a force against a tent, perhaps the largest and strongest in the whole camp, which was fastened with cords to stakes and nails driven into the ground, so as to cause it to fall: yea, it is added: and overturned it, that the tent lay along: turned it topsy-turvy, or turned it "upwards" (d), as the phrase in the Hebrew text is; it fell with the bottom upwards; it was entirely demolished, that there was no raising and setting of it up again. (z) Nat. Hist. l. 18. c. 7. (a) "umbra", vid. Gussetium, p. 715. "strepitus", Tigurine version; so Kimchi & Ben Gersom; "subcineritius", V. L. "tostus", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator. (b) (c) Antiqu. l. 5. c. 6. sect. 4. (d) "desuper", Pagninus, Montanus; "superne", Tigurine version.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (28 words)

H0935 בּוֹא
Definition:

13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti 13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti

Possible Meanings:
  • come in (semantic_range)
  • come (semantic_range)
  • go in (semantic_range)
  • go (semantic_range)
  • come in (semantic_range)
H1439 גִּדְעוֹן
Definition:

11,13,19 36t.Judges 6-8; — called alsoיְרֻבַּעַל(q. v.)Judges 6:32;Judges 7:1etc., &יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת(q. v.)2 Samuel 11:21.Topical LexiconHistorical SettingGideon arises during the Midianite oppression in t 11,13,19 36t.Judges 6-8; — called alsoיְרֻבַּעַל(q. v.)Judges 6:32;Judges 7:1etc., &יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת(q. v.)2 Samuel 11:21.Topical LexiconHistorical SettingGideon arises during the Midianite oppression in t

H2009 הִנֵּה
Definition:

2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro 2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro

Possible Meanings:
  • hither (semantic_range)
H0376 אִישׁ
Definition:

23+; constructGenesis 25:27+; suffixאִישִׁיGenesis 29:32+, etc.; pluralאִישִׁיםPsalm 141:42t. (Phoenicianאשם); usuallyאֲנָשִׁיםGenesis 12:20+, from √אנשׁq. v.; constructאַנְשֵׁיJudges 6:27+; suffixאֲנ 23+; constructGenesis 25:27+; suffixאִישִׁיGenesis 29:32+, etc.; pluralאִישִׁיםPsalm 141:42t. (Phoenicianאשם); usuallyאֲנָשִׁיםGenesis 12:20+, from √אנשׁq. v.; constructאַנְשֵׁיJudges 6:27+; suffixאֲנ

Possible Meanings:
  • man (semantic_range)
H5608 סָפַר
Definition:

10, 2masculine singularסָפַרְתָּהPsalm 56:9,וְסָפַרְתָּ֫Leviticus 25:8, etc.;ImperfectיִסְמֹּרPsalm 87:6+Job 38:37where read probablyיִסְמֹּר(Bu) forᵑ0יְסַמֵּר,יִסְמּוֺרJob 31:4,וַיִּסְמֹּר2Chron 2:1; 10, 2masculine singularסָפַרְתָּהPsalm 56:9,וְסָפַרְתָּ֫Leviticus 25:8, etc.;ImperfectיִסְמֹּרPsalm 87:6+Job 38:37where read probablyיִסְמֹּר(Bu) forᵑ0יְסַמֵּר,יִסְמּוֺרJob 31:4,וַיִּסְמֹּר2Chron 2:1;

Possible Meanings:
  • secretary (semantic_range)
  • scribe (semantic_range)
H7453 רֵעַ
Definition:

17friend, companion, fellow; —׳רabsolute2 Samuel 13:3+, construct1 Chronicles 27:33; suffixרֵעִיJob 31:9+,רֵעְַךָDeuteronomy 5:17+,רֵעֶ֑ךָExodus 2:13+, alsoרֵעֶיךָ2 Samuel 12:11(singular; Ges§ 93ss),ר 17friend, companion, fellow; —׳רabsolute2 Samuel 13:3+, construct1 Chronicles 27:33; suffixרֵעִיJob 31:9+,רֵעְַךָDeuteronomy 5:17+,רֵעֶ֑ךָExodus 2:13+, alsoרֵעֶיךָ2 Samuel 12:11(singular; Ges§ 93ss),ר

Possible Meanings:
  • evil (semantic_range)
  • distress (semantic_range)
  • misery (semantic_range)
  • injury (semantic_range)
  • calamity (semantic_range)
H2472 חֲלוֹם
Definition:

10dream; —׳תabsoluteGenesis 37:5+, constructGenesis 20:3,חֲלֹםabsoluteGenesis 20:6, constructGenesis 31:24; suffixחֲלוֺמִיGenesis 40:9,16,חֲלֹמִיGenesis 41:17,22,חֲלֹמוֺGenesis 40:55t.; pluralחֲלֹמוֺת 10dream; —׳תabsoluteGenesis 37:5+, constructGenesis 20:3,חֲלֹםabsoluteGenesis 20:6, constructGenesis 31:24; suffixחֲלוֺמִיGenesis 40:9,16,חֲלֹמִיGenesis 41:17,22,חֲלֹמוֺGenesis 40:55t.; pluralחֲלֹמוֺת

H0559 אָמַר
Definition:

1+, etc.;ImperfectיאֹמַרGenesis 31:8+;וַיּאֹ֫מֶרGenesis 1:3+;וַיּאֹמַ֑רGenesis 14:19+; in Job alwaysוַיּאֹ֑מַרJob 3:2+; 3 feminine singularתּאֹמַרGenesis 21:12+;תּאֹמֵר֑Proverbs 1:21; 1singularאֹמַרGe 1+, etc.;ImperfectיאֹמַרGenesis 31:8+;וַיּאֹ֫מֶרGenesis 1:3+;וַיּאֹמַ֑רGenesis 14:19+; in Job alwaysוַיּאֹ֑מַרJob 3:2+; 3 feminine singularתּאֹמַרGenesis 21:12+;תּאֹמֵר֑Proverbs 1:21; 1singularאֹמַרGe

Possible Meanings:
  • lamb (semantic_range)
H2009 הִנֵּה
Definition:

2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro 2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro

Possible Meanings:
  • hither (semantic_range)
H2472 חֲלוֹם
Definition:

10dream; —׳תabsoluteGenesis 37:5+, constructGenesis 20:3,חֲלֹםabsoluteGenesis 20:6, constructGenesis 31:24; suffixחֲלוֺמִיGenesis 40:9,16,חֲלֹמִיGenesis 41:17,22,חֲלֹמוֺGenesis 40:55t.; pluralחֲלֹמוֺת 10dream; —׳תabsoluteGenesis 37:5+, constructGenesis 20:3,חֲלֹםabsoluteGenesis 20:6, constructGenesis 31:24; suffixחֲלוֺמִיGenesis 40:9,16,חֲלֹמִיGenesis 41:17,22,חֲלֹמוֺGenesis 40:55t.; pluralחֲלֹמוֺת

H2492 חָלַם
Definition:

A primitive root; properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream -- (cause to) dream(-er), be in good likin A primitive root; properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream -- (cause to) dream(-er), be in good likin

H2009 הִנֵּה
Definition:

2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro 2,demonstrative particlelo! behold!(certainly, surely, literallylo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew§ 262 c.; compare,, which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pro

Possible Meanings:
  • hither (semantic_range)
H6742 צְלוּל
Definition:

13(compare GFM).צלם(√ of following; NöZMG xi (1886), 733 f.compare Arabic,cut off(e.g. an ear, anose); — Late Hebrewצֶלֶם= Biblical Hebrew, so Assyrianƒalmu, SabeanצלםGildemeisterZMG xxiv (1870), 180C 13(compare GFM).צלם(√ of following; NöZMG xi (1886), 733 f.compare Arabic,cut off(e.g. an ear, anose); — Late Hebrewצֶלֶם= Biblical Hebrew, so Assyrianƒalmu, SabeanצלםGildemeisterZMG xxiv (1870), 180C

Possible Meanings:
  • cake (semantic_range)
  • round loaf (semantic_range)
H6742 צְלוּל
Definition:

13(compare GFM).צלם(√ of following; NöZMG xi (1886), 733 f.compare Arabic,cut off(e.g. an ear, anose); — Late Hebrewצֶלֶם= Biblical Hebrew, so Assyrianƒalmu, SabeanצלםGildemeisterZMG xxiv (1870), 180C 13(compare GFM).צלם(√ of following; NöZMG xi (1886), 733 f.compare Arabic,cut off(e.g. an ear, anose); — Late Hebrewצֶלֶם= Biblical Hebrew, so Assyrianƒalmu, SabeanצלםGildemeisterZMG xxiv (1870), 180C

Possible Meanings:
  • cake (semantic_range)
  • round loaf (semantic_range)
H3899 לֶחֶם
Definition:

7and (rarely)feminineGenesis 49:20(see below, and Dr1Samuel 10:4)bread, food(Phoenicianלחםbread; Late Hebrewלֶחֶם; Aramaicלַחְמָא,, as Hebrew; Arabicflesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute׳לGenesis 7and (rarely)feminineGenesis 49:20(see below, and Dr1Samuel 10:4)bread, food(Phoenicianלחםbread; Late Hebrewלֶחֶם; Aramaicלַחְמָא,, as Hebrew; Arabicflesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute׳לGenesis

Possible Meanings:
  • feast (semantic_range)
H8184 שְׂעֹרָה
Definition:

31+; usually pluralשְׂעֹרִיםHosea 3:2+; —barley, common grain (often ""חִטָּה, etc.):1growing, standing, singularExodus 9:31(twice in verse) (J),Deuteronomy 8:8;Job 31:40;Job 1:11, as sownIsaiah 28:25 31+; usually pluralשְׂעֹרִיםHosea 3:2+; —barley, common grain (often ""חִטָּה, etc.):1growing, standing, singularExodus 9:31(twice in verse) (J),Deuteronomy 8:8;Job 31:40;Job 1:11, as sownIsaiah 28:25

Possible Meanings:
  • bearded (semantic_range)
H2015 הָפַךְ
Definition:

313t.;וְהָפַךְconsecutive2 Kings 21:13;Job 34:25; 3masculine pluralהָֽפְכוּPsalm 78:9;הֲפַכְתֶּםAmos 6:12;Jeremiah 23:36, etc.;ImperfectיַהֲפֹךְLamentations 3:3;Jeremiah 13:23;וַיַּהֲפֹךְGenesis 19:25 313t.;וְהָפַךְconsecutive2 Kings 21:13;Job 34:25; 3masculine pluralהָֽפְכוּPsalm 78:9;הֲפַכְתֶּםAmos 6:12;Jeremiah 23:36, etc.;ImperfectיַהֲפֹךְLamentations 3:3;Jeremiah 13:23;וַיַּהֲפֹךְGenesis 19:25

Possible Meanings:
  • the contrary (semantic_range)
  • contrariness (semantic_range)
  • perversity (semantic_range)
  • the contrary (semantic_range)
  • opposite thing (semantic_range)
H4264 מַחֲנֶה
Definition:

816t. andfemininePsalm 27:3;1 Chronicles 11:15(onGenesis 32:9a see Di)encampment, camp— absolute׳מGenesis 32:9(twice in verse) + 126 t. (includingEzekiel 1:24, strike out Co); constructמַחֲנֵהGenesis 816t. andfemininePsalm 27:3;1 Chronicles 11:15(onGenesis 32:9a see Di)encampment, camp— absolute׳מGenesis 32:9(twice in verse) + 126 t. (includingEzekiel 1:24, strike out Co); constructמַחֲנֵהGenesis

Possible Meanings:
  • place of encampment (semantic_range)
  • camp of armed host (semantic_range)
H4080 מִדְיָן
Definition:

2,4 (J)1 Chronicles 1:32,33.2an Arabian tribeGenesis 36:35(=1 Chronicles 1:46)Numbers 31:3(twice in verse);Numbers 31:7,8 (twice in verse);Numbers 31:9(P)Judges 6-9(31 t.); having aכֹּהֵן(as chieftain 2,4 (J)1 Chronicles 1:32,33.2an Arabian tribeGenesis 36:35(=1 Chronicles 1:46)Numbers 31:3(twice in verse);Numbers 31:7,8 (twice in verse);Numbers 31:9(P)Judges 6-9(31 t.); having aכֹּהֵן(as chieftain

Possible Meanings:
  • the land of Midian (semantic_range)
H0935 בּוֹא
Definition:

13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti 13+; 3 feminine singularבָּ֫אָהGenesis 15:17+; suffixבָּאַתְנוּPsalm 44:18; 2masculine singularבָּ֫אתָJoshua 13:1+,בָּ֫אתָה2 Samuel 3:7; 2feminine singularבָּאתְGenesis 16:8;Ruth 2:12,וּבָאתְconsecuti

Possible Meanings:
  • come in (semantic_range)
  • come (semantic_range)
  • go in (semantic_range)
  • go (semantic_range)
  • come in (semantic_range)
H5704 עַד
Definition:

20,24;Psalm 104:23;Psalm 147:6;Job 7:4;Job 20:5, and inעֲדֵי עַדIsaiah 26:4;Isaiah 65:18;Psalm 83:18;Psalm 92:8;Psalm 132:12;Psalm 132:14:compareאֱלֵי,עֲלֵי),prepositionas far as, even to, up to, unti 20,24;Psalm 104:23;Psalm 147:6;Job 7:4;Job 20:5, and inעֲדֵי עַדIsaiah 26:4;Isaiah 65:18;Psalm 83:18;Psalm 92:8;Psalm 132:12;Psalm 132:14:compareאֱלֵי,עֲלֵי),prepositionas far as, even to, up to, unti

Possible Meanings:
  • until (semantic_range)
H0168 אֹהֶל
Definition:

3tent(compare Assyrianâlu, above, Arabic,fellow-dwellers, family, SabeanאהלDHMZMG 1883, 341and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician seeאהליאב) — absolute׳אGenesis 4:20+; constructid.Exodus 3tent(compare Assyrianâlu, above, Arabic,fellow-dwellers, family, SabeanאהלDHMZMG 1883, 341and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician seeאהליאב) — absolute׳אGenesis 4:20+; constructid.Exodus

Possible Meanings:
  • aloe (semantic_range)
H5221 נָכָה
Definition:

15and he shall be smitten[struck by weapon in battle]and die.Pu`alPerfect3feminine singularנֻכָּ֑תָהExodus 9:31; 3pluralנֻכּוּExodus 9:32(J), bothbe smitten downby the hail.Hiph`il482Perfect3masculine 15and he shall be smitten[struck by weapon in battle]and die.Pu`alPerfect3feminine singularנֻכָּ֑תָהExodus 9:31; 3pluralנֻכּוּExodus 9:32(J), bothbe smitten downby the hail.Hiph`il482Perfect3masculine

Possible Meanings:
  • smitten ones (semantic_range)
H5307 נָפַל
Definition:

27+, 3 feminine singularנָָֽפְלָהGenesis 15:12+, etc.;Imperfectיִמֹּל1 Samuel 14:45+,וַיִּמֹּלJudges 4:16+; 1 singularאֶמֹּל1 Chronicles 21:13(needless change from 1 pluralנִמְּלָה""2 Samuel 24:14We D 27+, 3 feminine singularנָָֽפְלָהGenesis 15:12+, etc.;Imperfectיִמֹּל1 Samuel 14:45+,וַיִּמֹּלJudges 4:16+; 1 singularאֶמֹּל1 Chronicles 21:13(needless change from 1 pluralנִמְּלָה""2 Samuel 24:14We D

Possible Meanings:
  • fall (semantic_range)
H2015 הָפַךְ
Definition:

313t.;וְהָפַךְconsecutive2 Kings 21:13;Job 34:25; 3masculine pluralהָֽפְכוּPsalm 78:9;הֲפַכְתֶּםAmos 6:12;Jeremiah 23:36, etc.;ImperfectיַהֲפֹךְLamentations 3:3;Jeremiah 13:23;וַיַּהֲפֹךְGenesis 19:25 313t.;וְהָפַךְconsecutive2 Kings 21:13;Job 34:25; 3masculine pluralהָֽפְכוּPsalm 78:9;הֲפַכְתֶּםAmos 6:12;Jeremiah 23:36, etc.;ImperfectיַהֲפֹךְLamentations 3:3;Jeremiah 13:23;וַיַּהֲפֹךְGenesis 19:25

Possible Meanings:
  • the contrary (semantic_range)
  • contrariness (semantic_range)
  • perversity (semantic_range)
  • the contrary (semantic_range)
  • opposite thing (semantic_range)
H4605 מַעַל
Definition:

abbreviated fromמַעֲלֶה; compareמַ֫עַןinלְמַ֫עַןfrom׃עָנָהKöii. 116): —1מִמַּ֫עַל=above(seeמִן1c)a.asadverbAmos 2:9וָאַשְׁמִידמִּרְיוֺ מִמֵּעַלhis fruitabove(opposed toשָׁרָשָׁיו מִתָּ֑חַת),Job 18:16; abbreviated fromמַעֲלֶה; compareמַ֫עַןinלְמַ֫עַןfrom׃עָנָהKöii. 116): —1מִמַּ֫עַל=above(seeמִן1c)a.asadverbAmos 2:9וָאַשְׁמִידמִּרְיוֺ מִמֵּעַלhis fruitabove(opposed toשָׁרָשָׁיו מִתָּ֑חַת),Job 18:16;

Possible Meanings:
  • going in (semantic_range)
H5307 נָפַל
Definition:

27+, 3 feminine singularנָָֽפְלָהGenesis 15:12+, etc.;Imperfectיִמֹּל1 Samuel 14:45+,וַיִּמֹּלJudges 4:16+; 1 singularאֶמֹּל1 Chronicles 21:13(needless change from 1 pluralנִמְּלָה""2 Samuel 24:14We D 27+, 3 feminine singularנָָֽפְלָהGenesis 15:12+, etc.;Imperfectיִמֹּל1 Samuel 14:45+,וַיִּמֹּלJudges 4:16+; 1 singularאֶמֹּל1 Chronicles 21:13(needless change from 1 pluralנִמְּלָה""2 Samuel 24:14We D

Possible Meanings:
  • fall (semantic_range)
H0168 אֹהֶל
Definition:

3tent(compare Assyrianâlu, above, Arabic,fellow-dwellers, family, SabeanאהלDHMZMG 1883, 341and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician seeאהליאב) — absolute׳אGenesis 4:20+; constructid.Exodus 3tent(compare Assyrianâlu, above, Arabic,fellow-dwellers, family, SabeanאהלDHMZMG 1883, 341and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician seeאהליאב) — absolute׳אGenesis 4:20+; constructid.Exodus

Possible Meanings:
  • aloe (semantic_range)

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