Judges 3:8
"Therefore the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Chushanrishathaim eight years."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

Therefore the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel,.... Because of their idolatry; see Jdg 2:14 , and he sold them into the hand of Chushanrishathaim, king of Mesopotamia; or Aramnaharaim; that is, Syria, between the two rivers, which were Tigris and Euphrates; hence the Greek name of this place is as here called Mesopotamia. Josephus (l) calls him king of Assyria, and gives him the name of Chusarthus; and indeed Chushanrishathaim seems to

be his whole name, though the Targum makes Rishathaim to be an epithet, and calls him Cushan, the wicked king of Syria; the word is of the dual number, and signifies two wickednesses; which, according to the mystical exposition of the Jews (m), refers to two wicked things Syria did to Israel, one by Balaam the Syrian, and the other by this Cushan. Mr. Bedford (n) thinks it may be rendered,"Cushan, king of the two wicked kingdoms;''the Assyrian monarchy being at this time like two kingdoms, Babylon being the metropolis of the one, and Nineveh of the other; but it is question whether the monarchy was as yet in being. Hillerus (o) makes Cushan to be an Arab Scenite, from Hab 3:7 ; and Rishathaim to denote disquietudes; and it represents him as a man very turbulent, never quiet and easy, and so it seems he was; for not content with his kingdom on the other side Euphrates, he passed over that, and came into Canaan, to subject that to him, and add it to his dominions. Kimchi says that Rishathaim may be the name of a place, and some conjecture it to be the same with the Rhisina of Ptolemy (p); but it seems rather a part of this king's name, who came and fought against Israel, and the Lord delivered them into his hands: and the children of Israel served Chushanrishathaim eight years; became tributaries to him during that space of time, but when that began is not easy to say. Bishop Usher (q) places it in A. M. 2591, and before Christ 1413. (l) Antiqu. l. 5. c. 3. sect. 2. (m) T. Bab. Sanhedrin, fol. 105. I. (n) Scripture Chronology, p. 507. (o) Onomastic. p. 154, 155. (p) Geograph. l. 5. c. 18. (q) Annal. Vet. Test. p. 42.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (19 words)

H2734 חָרָה
Definition:

620t.;ImperfectיֶחֱרֶהExodus 32:112t.;יִ֫חַרGenesis 18:307t.;וַיִּ֫חַרGenesis 4:546t.;Infinitive absoluteחָרֹה1 Samuel 20:7; constructחֲרוֺת2 Samuel 24:1;Psalm 124:3; —1of man:a.חרה אף(one's)anger was 620t.;ImperfectיֶחֱרֶהExodus 32:112t.;יִ֫חַרGenesis 18:307t.;וַיִּ֫חַרGenesis 4:546t.;Infinitive absoluteחָרֹה1 Samuel 20:7; constructחֲרוֺת2 Samuel 24:1;Psalm 124:3; —1of man:a.חרה אף(one's)anger was

Possible Meanings:
  • burn (semantic_range)
  • be kindled (semantic_range)
  • be angry (semantic_range)
  • burned with zeal (semantic_range)
  • in repairing (semantic_range)
H0639 אַף
Definition:

2nostril, nose, face, anger(Assyrianappu,faceFloodiii. 27, 29compare Hpt KAT2Gloss, Arabic, Ethiopicnose; Aramaic,אֲנְמִּיןface) — absolutePsalm 78:21+; constructGenesis 27:45+; suffixאַמּיExodus 22:2 2nostril, nose, face, anger(Assyrianappu,faceFloodiii. 27, 29compare Hpt KAT2Gloss, Arabic, Ethiopicnose; Aramaic,אֲנְמִּיןface) — absolutePsalm 78:21+; constructGenesis 27:45+; suffixאַמּיExodus 22:2

Possible Meanings:
  • also (semantic_range)
H3068 יְהוָֹה
Definition:

7;Leviticus 24:11יהוהwas regarded as anomen ineffabile(see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jewsהַשֵּׁםand by the Samaritansשׁימא. The pronunciationJehovahwas unknown until 1520, when 7;Leviticus 24:11יהוהwas regarded as anomen ineffabile(see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jewsהַשֵּׁםand by the Samaritansשׁימא. The pronunciationJehovahwas unknown until 1520, when

Possible Meanings:
  • Yahweh (semantic_range)
  • the one bringing into being (semantic_range)
  • life-giver (semantic_range)
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל
Definition:

16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG 16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG

Possible Meanings:
  • Israel (semantic_range)
H4376 מָכַר
Definition:

202t.; suffixמְכָרוֺExodus 21:372t.; 1 singularמָכַרְתִּיIsaiah 50:12t., etc.;ImperfectיִמְכֹּרExodus 21:7+, etc.;Imperativeמִכְרָ֫הGenesis 25:31; feminine singularמִכְרִי2 Kings 4:7;Infinitive absolu 202t.; suffixמְכָרוֺExodus 21:372t.; 1 singularמָכַרְתִּיIsaiah 50:12t., etc.;ImperfectיִמְכֹּרExodus 21:7+, etc.;Imperativeמִכְרָ֫הGenesis 25:31; feminine singularמִכְרִי2 Kings 4:7;Infinitive absolu

Possible Meanings:
  • acquaintance (semantic_range)
  • friend (semantic_range)
H3027 יָד
Definition:

26+ often (masculineExodus 17:12see Di; onיִרְמּוּ יָדַיִם2 Samuel 4:1;Zephaniah 3:16; 2Chronicles 15:7;Nehemiah 6:9, see Ges§ 145, 7 a, R. 1)hand(Late Hebrewid.; Aramaicיְדָא,; ZinjirliידDHMSendsch.G 26+ often (masculineExodus 17:12see Di; onיִרְמּוּ יָדַיִם2 Samuel 4:1;Zephaniah 3:16; 2Chronicles 15:7;Nehemiah 6:9, see Ges§ 145, 7 a, R. 1)hand(Late Hebrewid.; Aramaicיְדָא,; ZinjirliידDHMSendsch.G

Possible Meanings:
  • power (semantic_range)
H3573 כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַיִם
Definition:

8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment 8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment

H3573 כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַיִם
Definition:

8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment 8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment

H4428 מֶלֶךְ
Definition:

4המלכן; Phoenicianמלך; ZinjirliמלךDHMSendsch. 60; Assyrianmaliku,malku,prince(Assyrianšarru=king); Arabicking(original Hebrew *מַלִחinferred, LagBN 73BaNB § 112WMMAs. u. Europ.76); SabeanמלכןSabDenkmN 4המלכן; Phoenicianמלך; ZinjirliמלךDHMSendsch. 60; Assyrianmaliku,malku,prince(Assyrianšarru=king); Arabicking(original Hebrew *מַלִחinferred, LagBN 73BaNB § 112WMMAs. u. Europ.76); SabeanמלכןSabDenkmN

Possible Meanings:
  • counsel (semantic_range)
  • advice (semantic_range)
H0763 אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם
Definition:

10introduces the region as the homeland of Abraham’s extended family: “And he set out for Aram-naharaim and made his way to the town of Nahor.”•Deuteronomy 23:4links it to Balaam’s hire against Israel 10introduces the region as the homeland of Abraham’s extended family: “And he set out for Aram-naharaim and made his way to the town of Nahor.”•Deuteronomy 23:4links it to Balaam’s hire against Israel

H0763 אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם
Definition:

10introduces the region as the homeland of Abraham’s extended family: “And he set out for Aram-naharaim and made his way to the town of Nahor.”•Deuteronomy 23:4links it to Balaam’s hire against Israel 10introduces the region as the homeland of Abraham’s extended family: “And he set out for Aram-naharaim and made his way to the town of Nahor.”•Deuteronomy 23:4links it to Balaam’s hire against Israel

H5647 עָבַד
Definition:

18+; suffixעֲבָדוֺMalachi 3:18+; 3 masculine pluralעָֽבְדוּDeuteronomy 7:4;עָבָ֑דוּNumbers 4:26, + 64 t. Perfect;Imperfect3masculine singularיַעֲבֹדGenesis 25:23+; suffixיַעַבְדֵ֫נִיExodus 4:23;יַעַבְ 18+; suffixעֲבָדוֺMalachi 3:18+; 3 masculine pluralעָֽבְדוּDeuteronomy 7:4;עָבָ֑דוּNumbers 4:26, + 64 t. Perfect;Imperfect3masculine singularיַעֲבֹדGenesis 25:23+; suffixיַעַבְדֵ֫נִיExodus 4:23;יַעַבְ

Possible Meanings:
  • slave (semantic_range)
  • servant (semantic_range)
H1121 בֵּן
Definition:

25+;ֵ˜בּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16 25+;ֵ˜בּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16

Possible Meanings:
  • son (semantic_range)
  • son (semantic_range)
  • children (semantic_range)
  • youth (semantic_range)
  • young men (semantic_range)
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל
Definition:

16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG 16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG

Possible Meanings:
  • Israel (semantic_range)
H0853 אֵת
Definition:

33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:

Possible Meanings:
  • sign (semantic_range)
H3573 כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַיִם
Definition:

8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment 8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment

H3573 כּוּשַׁן רִשְׁעָתַיִם
Definition:

8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment 8(twice in verse);Judges 3:10(twice in verse); otherwise unknown,ᵐ5Ξουσαρσαθαιμ,ᵐ5LΞουσανρεσαμωθ.כּוֺשָׁרוֺתsee [כּוֺשָׁרָה] belowכָּשַׁר.Topical LexiconScriptural OccurrencesCushan Rishathaim is ment

H8083 שְׁמֹנֶה
Definition:

8+ 40:t.;feminine(c.noun masculine) absoluteשְׁמֹנָה1 Samuel 17:1234t., constructשְׁמֹנַתNumbers 2:243t. (cases of 8 1018are additional, see below); pluralשְׁמֹנִים, 80, see below: —1without other num 8+ 40:t.;feminine(c.noun masculine) absoluteשְׁמֹנָה1 Samuel 17:1234t., constructשְׁמֹנַתNumbers 2:243t. (cases of 8 1018are additional, see below); pluralשְׁמֹנִים, 80, see below: —1without other num

Possible Meanings:
  • eight (semantic_range)
H8141 שָׁנֶה
Definition:

10+; constructשְׁנַתGenesis 41:50+; suffixשְׁנָתוֺEzekiel 46:13+,שְׁנָתָהּLeviticus 14:102t.; dualשְׁנָתַיִםAmos 1:1+,תָ֑יִם-1 Kings 15:25+; pluralשָׁנִיםExodus 21:2+, constructשְׁנֵיGenesis 23:124t., 10+; constructשְׁנַתGenesis 41:50+; suffixשְׁנָתוֺEzekiel 46:13+,שְׁנָתָהּLeviticus 14:102t.; dualשְׁנָתַיִםAmos 1:1+,תָ֑יִם-1 Kings 15:25+; pluralשָׁנִיםExodus 21:2+, constructשְׁנֵיGenesis 23:124t.,

Possible Meanings:
  • year (semantic_range)

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