Isaiah 3:9
"The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have rewarded evil unto themselves."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

The shew of their countenance doth witness against them,.... The word translated "shew" is only used in this place. Some derive it from "to know", in the conjugations Piel and Hiphil; and render it, "the knowledge of their countenance" (f); that is, that which may be known by their countenances; the countenance oftentimes shows what is in the heart, the cruel disposition

of the mind, the pride and vanity of it, the uncleanness and lasciviousness that is in it; to this our version agrees, and which is confirmed by the Chaldee paraphrase, "the knowledge of their countenance in judgment doth testify against them;'' as they appear there, so it may be judged of them; their guilt flies in their face, and fills them with shame and confusion; and so the Septuagint and Arabic versions render it, "the shame of their face"; but others derive it from which has the signification of hardness in the Arabic language, and as it is thought by some to have in Job 19:3 and render it, "the hardness of their countenance"; so R. Joseph Kimchi, and others (g), meaning their impudence (h); not only their words and actions, but their impudent looks, show what they are; which agrees with what follows: and they declare their sin as Sodom, and hide it not; commit it openly, without fear or shame; glory in it, and boast of it, as the Jews did in their crucifixion of Christ, and their evil treatment of him: woe to their soul, for they have rewarded evil unto themselves; they have brought upon themselves, soul and body, the just recompence of reward; they have been the cause of their own ruin, and have wronged their own souls. (f) "cognitio vultus eorum", Munster, Vatablus, V. L. (g) "Obfermatio", Janius & Tremellius; "durities", Piscator. (h) So Schindler renders the Arabic word, "hacar", impudence. Vid. Castel. Lexic. col. 846.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (13 words)

H1971 הַכָּרָה
Definition:

9seeנכר.[הַכָּרָה]noun femininelook(or expression?); — constructהַכָּרַת מְּנֵיהֶםIsaiah 3:9a look at their facewitnesses against them (ᵑ9CheComm.and others), orthe expression of their face(GesComm.De 9seeנכר.[הַכָּרָה]noun femininelook(or expression?); — constructהַכָּרַת מְּנֵיהֶםIsaiah 3:9a look at their facewitnesses against them (ᵑ9CheComm.and others), orthe expression of their face(GesComm.De

H6440 פָנִים
Definition:

23and (Ezekiel =Proverbs 21:21=edge; on2 Samuel 10:9see below)feminineface, alsofaces(asturnedtoward one); — plural absoluteמָּנִיםGenesis 32:31+; constructמְּנֵי2 Samuel 14:32+; suffix 1 singularמָּנ 23and (Ezekiel =Proverbs 21:21=edge; on2 Samuel 10:9see below)feminineface, alsofaces(asturnedtoward one); — plural absoluteמָּנִיםGenesis 32:31+; constructמְּנֵי2 Samuel 14:32+; suffix 1 singularמָּנ

H6030 עָנָה
Definition:

A primitive root; properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. Pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extens. To begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce -- give account, A primitive root; properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. Pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extens. To begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce -- give account,

Possible Meanings:
  • answer (semantic_range)
H2403 חַטָּאָה
Definition:

Or chattacth {khat-tawth'}; fromchata'; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender -- punishment (of sin), purifying( Or chattacth {khat-tawth'}; fromchata'; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender -- punishment (of sin), purifying(

Possible Meanings:
  • sin-offering (semantic_range)
  • sin-offering (semantic_range)
H5467 סְדֹם
Definition:

—׳ס(on formation compare LagBN 54),Genesis 13:10,12,13 7t.Genesis 18, 19, +מְדֹ֫מָה(הlocative)Genesis 10:19;Genesis 18:22;Genesis 19:1(all J), + 8 t.Genesis 14; from 8th cent. onwards, used as illustr —׳ס(on formation compare LagBN 54),Genesis 13:10,12,13 7t.Genesis 18, 19, +מְדֹ֫מָה(הlocative)Genesis 10:19;Genesis 18:22;Genesis 19:1(all J), + 8 t.Genesis 14; from 8th cent. onwards, used as illustr

Possible Meanings:
  • Sodom (semantic_range)
H5046 נָגַד
Definition:

11+, 3 feminine singularהִגִּ֫ידָה1 Samuel 25:19+,הִגַּדְתָּGenesis 12:8+, etc.;Imperfectיַגִּיד1 Samuel 9:6+;וַיַּגֵּדGenesis 9:22+; suffixיַגִּידֶ֫הָIsaiah 44:7;יַגִּדָהּJeremiah 9:11;יַגֵָּֽדְךָDeu 11+, 3 feminine singularהִגִּ֫ידָה1 Samuel 25:19+,הִגַּדְתָּGenesis 12:8+, etc.;Imperfectיַגִּיד1 Samuel 9:6+;וַיַּגֵּדGenesis 9:22+; suffixיַגִּידֶ֫הָIsaiah 44:7;יַגִּדָהּJeremiah 9:11;יַגֵָּֽדְךָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • in front of (semantic_range)
  • facing (semantic_range)
H3808 לֹא
Definition:

11) {lo}; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. Negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles (as follows) -- X before, + or else, ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, 11) {lo}; a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. Negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles (as follows) -- X before, + or else, ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay,

H3582 כָּחַד
Definition:

7;isrevere, Participlevenerable, Pa`elput to shame, Ethpa`albe ashamed; Ethiopicdeny, apostatize) —Niph`alPerfect3masculine singularנִכְחַדHosea 5:32t.; 3 pluralנִכְחָ֑דוּJob 4:7;Psalm 69:6;Imperfect3 7;isrevere, Participlevenerable, Pa`elput to shame, Ethpa`albe ashamed; Ethiopicdeny, apostatize) —Niph`alPerfect3masculine singularנִכְחַדHosea 5:32t.; 3 pluralנִכְחָ֑דוּJob 4:7;Psalm 69:6;Imperfect3

Possible Meanings:
  • hide (semantic_range)
  • efface (semantic_range)
  • be hidden (semantic_range)
  • be effaced (semantic_range)
  • destroyed (semantic_range)
H0188 אוֹי
Definition:

usually with dativeאוֺי לִיIsaiah 6:5woeto me! for I am undone, soIsaiah 24:16;Jeremiah 10:19;Jeremiah 15:10;אוֺי לָנוּwoeto us!1 Samuel 4:7,8;Jeremiah 4:13;Jeremiah 6:4;אוֺינָֿא לִיJeremiah 4:31;Jere usually with dativeאוֺי לִיIsaiah 6:5woeto me! for I am undone, soIsaiah 24:16;Jeremiah 10:19;Jeremiah 15:10;אוֺי לָנוּwoeto us!1 Samuel 4:7,8;Jeremiah 4:13;Jeremiah 6:4;אוֺינָֿא לִיJeremiah 4:31;Jere

Possible Meanings:
  • woe! (semantic_range)
H5315 נֶפֶשׁ
Definition:

6(so evenGenesis 2:19;Numbers 31:28;1 Kings 19:2see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42SS)soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion(Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecclesias 6(so evenGenesis 2:19;Numbers 31:28;1 Kings 19:2see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42SS)soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion(Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecclesias

Possible Meanings:
  • take breath (semantic_range)
  • refresh oneself (semantic_range)
  • take breath (semantic_range)
  • refresh oneself (semantic_range)
H3588 כִּי
Definition:

Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,

Possible Meanings:
  • for (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
H1580 גָּמַל
Definition:

19; Late Hebrewגָּמַל, Aramaicגְּמַל; see Palmyrene proper nameאגמלאVogNo. 124, Nabataean proper name, feminineגמלתVogNab. below No. 7; perhaps originallycomplete, accomplish, cognateגמר; — Arabicisco 19; Late Hebrewגָּמַל, Aramaicגְּמַל; see Palmyrene proper nameאגמלאVogNo. 124, Nabataean proper name, feminineגמלתVogNab. below No. 7; perhaps originallycomplete, accomplish, cognateגמר; — Arabicisco

Possible Meanings:
  • camel (semantic_range)
H7451 רַע
Definition:

Fromra'a'; bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) -- adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, + displease(-ure), distress, evil((- favouredness), man, thing), + exceedingly, X great, grief(-vous), harm Fromra'a'; bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral) -- adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, + displease(-ure), distress, evil((- favouredness), man, thing), + exceedingly, X great, grief(-vous), harm

Possible Meanings:
  • misery (semantic_range)
  • injury (semantic_range)

Interlinear data not available for this verse yet.

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