Isaiah 3:24
"And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instead of beauty."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be a stink,.... Instead of "spice", or in the place where they put spices, carried musk, or had their smelling bottles, of precious and aromatic ointment, balsam, and myrrh, and such like things (g), namely, in their bosoms, there should be a "stink" or putrefaction, arising from ulcers and diseases of the body, Zac 14:12 the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions, render it "dust"; or this may refer to the anointing of their hair with ointment of myrrh and other things, which gave an agreeable scent; but instead of this there would be a scab, giving an ill scent, Isa 3:17 . and instead of a girdle a rent; such as is made in times of mourning

and distress, or by the enemy. The Septuagint and Arabic versions render it, a "rope"; instead of fine curious girdles, wrought with gold and silver, they should have nothing but a rope about their loins. The Targum is, "in the place where they bind the girdles, shall be marks of smiting;'' stripes, cuts, see Isa 10:34 as either by blows from the enemy, by whom they should be taken, or by the hand of God, being smitten with sores and ulcers, so that they should not be able to bear girdles upon them; or "holes", in their clothes or skin: and instead of well set hair baldness; instead of plaited hair, and curled locks, kept in order, there would be scabs, ulcers, leprosy, or such diseases as would cause the hair to fall off, and leave a baldness. The Septuagint and Arabic versions render it, "instead of the golden ornament of the head, thou shall have baldness for thy works"; and the Syriac version, "instead of gems, incisions": and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; the word for a "stomacher" is only used in this place; according to Kimchi, it signifies a very broad girdle; but Aben Ezra says it was a thin garment embroidered, which was put over all the rest of the clothes; perhaps something like a "mantelet". The Septuagint version renders it, "instead of the garment worked with purple"; and so the Syriac version, "instead of their hyacinths, or purples"; and the Arabic version, "instead of thy silken garment thou shall be girt with sackcloth"; which was usually done in times of distress and mourning: and burning instead of beauty; either through the scorching beams of the sun, being stripped of their hoods and veils; or rather this is to be understood of carbuncles, and such like hot burning ulcers in their faces, which once were beautiful, and they prided themselves in; though the Hebrew word seems rather to be a preposition than a noun; so Jarchi, whose note is, "for this is fit to be unto them instead of beauty, with which they have prided themselves,'' or have lifted up themselves; and so in his gloss upon the Talmud (h), where this clause, with the context, is cited and paraphrased, "for all these things shall come unto thee instead of thy beauty;'' and this clause may be read in connection with the following, "because of beauty", or "instead of beauty, thy men shall fall", &c. and so the Targum, "this vengeance shall be taken on them, because they have committed fornication in their beauty; thy beautiful men shall be killed by the sword.'' The Syriac version is, "because their beauty shall be corrupted", and those versions which seem to have left out this clause, yet retain something of it in the beginning of the next verse Isa 3:25 . The Vulgate Latin version is, "thy most beautiful men also shall fall by the sword". The Septuagint and Arabic versions begin it thus, "and thy beautiful son, whom thou lovest, shall fall by the sword". (g) Misn. Sabbat, c. 6. sect. 3. (h) T. Bab. Sabbat, fol. 62. 2.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (19 words)

H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H8478 תַּחַת
Definition:

4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu 4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu

Possible Meanings:
  • underneath (semantic_range)
  • below (semantic_range)
  • instead of (semantic_range)
H1314 בֶּשֶׂם
Definition:

10spice, balsam, balsam-tree(Arabic, Aramaicבּוּסְמָא,, Greekβάλσαμον; compare Löw53) —׳בIsaiah 3:24+,בֶּ֫שֶׂםExodus 30:23see below,בְּשָׂמִיSongs 5:1(as if fromבָּשָׂם); pluralבְּשָׂמִיםExodus 25:618 10spice, balsam, balsam-tree(Arabic, Aramaicבּוּסְמָא,, Greekβάλσαμον; compare Löw53) —׳בIsaiah 3:24+,בֶּ֫שֶׂםExodus 30:23see below,בְּשָׂמִיSongs 5:1(as if fromבָּשָׂם); pluralבְּשָׂמִיםExodus 25:618

H4716 מַק
Definition:

24instead of perfume rottenness shall there be; figurativeשָׁרְשָׁם כַּמָּק יִהְיֶהIsaiah 5:24(""וּפִרְחָם כָּאָבָק יַעַלֶה).מִקְרָאsee I.קרא.מִקְרֶה,מִקָרֶהseeקרהמְקֵרָהseeקרר. I.מִקְשָׁה,מִקְישֶׁהse 24instead of perfume rottenness shall there be; figurativeשָׁרְשָׁם כַּמָּק יִהְיֶהIsaiah 5:24(""וּפִרְחָם כָּאָבָק יַעַלֶה).מִקְרָאsee I.קרא.מִקְרֶה,מִקָרֶהseeקרהמְקֵרָהseeקרר. I.מִקְשָׁה,מִקְישֶׁהse

Possible Meanings:
  • decay (semantic_range)
H1961 הָיָה
Definition:

1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu 1+;וְהָיָהconsecutiveGenesis 4:14+; 3 feminine singularהָֽיְתָהGenesis 1:2+;הָיָ֑תָהIsaiah 14:243t.;וְהָֽיְתָהconsecutiveGenesis 9:13+;והית2Kings 9:37 Kt (Qrוְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singularהָיִיתָDeu

Possible Meanings:
  • fall out (semantic_range)
  • come to pass (semantic_range)
  • become (semantic_range)
  • be (semantic_range)
  • Fall out (semantic_range)
H8478 תַּחַת
Definition:

4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu 4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu

Possible Meanings:
  • underneath (semantic_range)
  • below (semantic_range)
  • instead of (semantic_range)
H2290 חֲגוֹר
Definition:

Or chagor {khag-ore'}; and (feminine) chagowrah {khag-o-raw'}; or chagorah {khag-o-raw'}; fromchagar; a belt (for the waist) -- apron, armour, gird(-le).see HEBREWchagarBrown-Driver-Briggsחֲגוֺרnoun [ Or chagor {khag-ore'}; and (feminine) chagowrah {khag-o-raw'}; or chagorah {khag-o-raw'}; fromchagar; a belt (for the waist) -- apron, armour, gird(-le).see HEBREWchagarBrown-Driver-Briggsחֲגוֺרnoun [

Possible Meanings:
  • girt (semantic_range)
  • girded (semantic_range)
H5364 נִקְפָה
Definition:

24.נקק(√ of following compare Ethiopicrima, fissuraDi645; Late Hebrewנָקִיק(rare)cleft of rock).Topical LexiconMeaning and Imageryנִקְפָה (niqpah) evokes the idea of a scab, welt, or brand left by a b 24.נקק(√ of following compare Ethiopicrima, fissuraDi645; Late Hebrewנָקִיק(rare)cleft of rock).Topical LexiconMeaning and Imageryנִקְפָה (niqpah) evokes the idea of a scab, welt, or brand left by a b

Possible Meanings:
  • encircling rope (semantic_range)
H8478 תַּחַת
Definition:

4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu 4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu

Possible Meanings:
  • underneath (semantic_range)
  • below (semantic_range)
  • instead of (semantic_range)
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה
Definition:

9deed, work; — absolute׳מGenesis 44:15+, constructמַעֲשֵׂהIsaiah 5:12+; suffixמַעֲשֵׂהוּJudges 13:12+, etc.; pluralמַעֲשִׂיםGenesis 20:9+; constructמַעֲשֵׂיJeremiah 1:16+; suffixמַעֲשָׂיו1 Samuel 19:4 9deed, work; — absolute׳מGenesis 44:15+, constructמַעֲשֵׂהIsaiah 5:12+; suffixמַעֲשֵׂהוּJudges 13:12+, etc.; pluralמַעֲשִׂיםGenesis 20:9+; constructמַעֲשֵׂיJeremiah 1:16+; suffixמַעֲשָׂיו1 Samuel 19:4

H4748 מִקְשֶׁה
Definition:

24, so most.Topical LexiconMeaning and ImageryThe single biblical appearance of מִקְשֶׁה (Isaiah 3:24) evokes an image of carefully sculpted, fashionable hairstyles—luxurious locks formed into intrica 24, so most.Topical LexiconMeaning and ImageryThe single biblical appearance of מִקְשֶׁה (Isaiah 3:24) evokes an image of carefully sculpted, fashionable hairstyles—luxurious locks formed into intrica

Possible Meanings:
  • hammered work (semantic_range)
  • turner’s work (semantic_range)
H7144 קָרְחָה
Definition:

24+; suffixקָרְחָתֵחMicah 1:16; —bald spot,עַלכָּֿלרֿאֹשׁAmos 8:10,׳בְּכָלרֿIsaiah 15:2;Ezekiel 7:18;בְּראֹשׁ׳קLeviticus 21:5(accusative of congnate meaning with verb);׳כָּלרֿאֹשׁ קJeremiah 48:37;כַנֶ 24+; suffixקָרְחָתֵחMicah 1:16; —bald spot,עַלכָּֿלרֿאֹשׁAmos 8:10,׳בְּכָלרֿIsaiah 15:2;Ezekiel 7:18;בְּראֹשׁ׳קLeviticus 21:5(accusative of congnate meaning with verb);׳כָּלרֿאֹשׁ קJeremiah 48:37;כַנֶ

Possible Meanings:
  • baldness (semantic_range)
H8478 תַּחַת
Definition:

4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu 4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu

Possible Meanings:
  • underneath (semantic_range)
  • below (semantic_range)
  • instead of (semantic_range)
H6614 פְתִיגִיל
Definition:

24,ᵐ5χιτὼν μεσοπόρφυροςᵑ9fascia pectoralis.Topical LexiconBiblical OccurrencePᵉtîgîl appears once, inIsaiah 3:24, where the prophet announces that divine judgment will strip the proud daughters of Zio 24,ᵐ5χιτὼν μεσοπόρφυροςᵑ9fascia pectoralis.Topical LexiconBiblical OccurrencePᵉtîgîl appears once, inIsaiah 3:24, where the prophet announces that divine judgment will strip the proud daughters of Zio

Possible Meanings:
  • rich robe (semantic_range)
H4228 מַחֲגֹרֶת
Definition:

24instead of a mantle a girding of sackcloth.Topical LexiconMachagoreth — the Girdle of Costly AdornmentDefinition and Singular OccurrenceMachagoreth denotes the elegant waist-sash worn by well-to-do 24instead of a mantle a girding of sackcloth.Topical LexiconMachagoreth — the Girdle of Costly AdornmentDefinition and Singular OccurrenceMachagoreth denotes the elegant waist-sash worn by well-to-do

Possible Meanings:
  • cincture (semantic_range)
H8242 שַׂק
Definition:

4sack, sackcloth(see SchwZAW xi (1891), 173who conjectures Egyptian origin; Late Hebrewסַקsackcloth(rare); Assyrianša‡‡u,sack(DlHWB 687 a),sackcloth(WklAltor. Forsch, vi. 44); Ethiopic= Biblical Hebre 4sack, sackcloth(see SchwZAW xi (1891), 173who conjectures Egyptian origin; Late Hebrewסַקsackcloth(rare); Assyrianša‡‡u,sack(DlHWB 687 a),sackcloth(WklAltor. Forsch, vi. 44); Ethiopic= Biblical Hebre

Possible Meanings:
  • leg (semantic_range)
H3587 כִּי
Definition:

Köii. 1. 64) — onlyכִּיתַּחַת יֹ֑פִיIsaiah 3:24branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.II.כִּי,branding, see belowכוה.Topical LexiconOccurrenceAppears once in the Old Testament,I Köii. 1. 64) — onlyכִּיתַּחַת יֹ֑פִיIsaiah 3:24branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.II.כִּי,branding, see belowכוה.Topical LexiconOccurrenceAppears once in the Old Testament,I

Possible Meanings:
  • that (semantic_range)
  • for (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
  • that (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
H8478 תַּחַת
Definition:

4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu 4(Cooke320), Syriac); —1asadverb accusativeGenesis 49:25(=Deuteronomy 33:13) the deepרֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַתthat couchethbeneath; more usually withמִן,מִתָּחַתliterallyoff(מִן1c)the under part = beneath,Exodu

Possible Meanings:
  • underneath (semantic_range)
  • below (semantic_range)
  • instead of (semantic_range)
H3308 יֱפִי
Definition:

245t.; constructיְפִיEzekiel 28:7; suffixיָפְיִ֑ךָEzekiel 28:17;יָפְיֵךָPsalm 45:125t.;יָפְיוֺIsaiah 33:172t.;יָפְיָהּProverbs 6:25;Esther 1:11;beautyof a womanIsaiah 3:24;Psalm 45:12;Esther 1:11;Prov 245t.; constructיְפִיEzekiel 28:7; suffixיָפְיִ֑ךָEzekiel 28:17;יָפְיֵךָPsalm 45:125t.;יָפְיוֺIsaiah 33:172t.;יָפְיָהּProverbs 6:25;Esther 1:11;beautyof a womanIsaiah 3:24;Psalm 45:12;Esther 1:11;Prov

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