Isaiah 1:4
"Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

Ah sinful nation,..... Or "sinning nation" (y); that was continually sinning, doing nothing else but sin, the reverse of what they were chosen to be, Deu 7:6 . These words are said, either as calling and crying to them, to cause them to hear and hearken to what is said, as Aben Ezra and Kimchi observe, and as is used in Isa 55:1 or by way of complaint and lamentation, as Jarchi

thinks, because of their general and continued wickedness, see Kg1 13:30 , or by way of threatening, as in Isa 1:24 and so the Targum paraphrases it, "woe to them who are called a holy people, and have sinned:'' and so the Vulgate Latin and Arabic versions render it, "woe to the sinning nation"; their ruin is at hand: a people laden with iniquity; full of sin; they multiplied offences, as in the Chaldee paraphrase: they were "heavy" with them, as the word (z) signifies, yet felt not, nor complained of, the burden of them: a seed of evil doers; this is not said of their fathers, but of themselves, as Jarchi observes; they had been planted a right seed, but now were degenerate, a wicked generation of men. Children that are corrupters; of themselves and others, by their words and actions; who had corrupted their ways, as the Targum adds; and so Kimchi and Aben Ezra. They have forsaken the Lord; the worship of the Lord, as the Targum interprets it; the ways and ordinances of God, forsook the assembling of themselves together, neglected the hearing of the word, and attendance on the worship of the Lord's house: they have provoked the Holy One of Israel to anger; by their numerous sins, both of omission and commission: they are gone away backward; were become backsliders and revolters, had apostatized from God and his worship, turned their backs on him, and cast his law behind them. The characters here given not only agree with the Jews in the times of Isaiah, but also with those in the times of Christ and his apostles, Mat 12:39 . (y) "gens peccatrix", Sept. V. L. Syr. Ar. (z) "gravi iniquitate", V. L.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (19 words)

H1945 הוֹי
Definition:

16ᵑ6, =הֵידָדJeremiah 51:14ᵑ6; also Modern Aramaicú hú, ú hú(in a lament), SoUrmia-Dial. 102. 4) — expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain,Ah, Alas; Ha(not distinctlyWoe!which isאוֺי): used in lam 16ᵑ6, =הֵידָדJeremiah 51:14ᵑ6; also Modern Aramaicú hú, ú hú(in a lament), SoUrmia-Dial. 102. 4) — expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain,Ah, Alas; Ha(not distinctlyWoe!which isאוֺי): used in lam

H1471 גּוֹי
Definition:

2nation, people(Late Hebrewid. Gentiles, Phoenicianגוcommunity,, Sabeanגוid., DHMZMG 1883, 348) —׳גGenesis 12:2121t.; suffix 1 singularגּוֺיִZephaniah 2:9,גּוֺיֶ֑ךָPsalm 106:5,גּוֺיֵךְKtEzekiel 36:13, 2nation, people(Late Hebrewid. Gentiles, Phoenicianגוcommunity,, Sabeanגוid., DHMZMG 1883, 348) —׳גGenesis 12:2121t.; suffix 1 singularגּוֺיִZephaniah 2:9,גּוֺיֶ֑ךָPsalm 106:5,גּוֺיֵךְKtEzekiel 36:13,

H2398 חָטָא
Definition:

31+ 29: t., 3 feminine singularחָֽטְאָהLeviticus 5:15;Lamentations 1:8,חָטָֽאָהJeremiah 50:14;Ezekiel 16:15,חָטָאתExodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect;ImperfectיֶחֱטָאLeviticus 4:312t.,תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּExodus 31+ 29: t., 3 feminine singularחָֽטְאָהLeviticus 5:15;Lamentations 1:8,חָטָֽאָהJeremiah 50:14;Ezekiel 16:15,חָטָאתExodus 5:16, etc., + 82 t. Perfect;ImperfectיֶחֱטָאLeviticus 4:312t.,תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּExodus

Possible Meanings:
  • sinful (semantic_range)
  • sinners (semantic_range)
H5971 עַם
Definition:

Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow Fromamam; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock -- folk, men, nation, people.see HEBREWamamBrow

Possible Meanings:
  • with (semantic_range)
H3515 כָּבֵד
Definition:

31+ 34 t.; constructכְּבַדExodus 4:10(twice in verse);כֶּבֶדIsaiah 1:4; pluralכְּבֵדִיםExodus 17:12; constructכִּבְדֵיEzekiel 3:5,6; —1. a.heavy, a burdenPsalm 38:5; hands (weary of holding up)Exodus 31+ 34 t.; constructכְּבַדExodus 4:10(twice in verse);כֶּבֶדIsaiah 1:4; pluralכְּבֵדִיםExodus 17:12; constructכִּבְדֵיEzekiel 3:5,6; —1. a.heavy, a burdenPsalm 38:5; hands (weary of holding up)Exodus

Possible Meanings:
  • heaviness (semantic_range)
  • weight (semantic_range)
  • mass (semantic_range)
  • abundance (semantic_range)
  • vehemence (semantic_range)
H5771 עָוֹן
Definition:

14iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity; —׳עabsoluteExodus 21:43+;עָווֺן2 Kings 7:9;Psalm 51:7; constructעֲוֺןGenesis 15:16+;עֲווֺן1 Chronicles 21:8; suffixעֲוֺנִיGenesis 4:13+ (2 Samuel 16:12 re 14iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity; —׳עabsoluteExodus 21:43+;עָווֺן2 Kings 7:9;Psalm 51:7; constructעֲוֺןGenesis 15:16+;עֲווֺן1 Chronicles 21:8; suffixעֲוֺנִיGenesis 4:13+ (2 Samuel 16:12 re

Possible Meanings:
  • dwell (semantic_range)
H2233 זֶרַע
Definition:

38sowing, seed, offspring(Late Hebrewid., Aramaicזְרַע,; Phoenicianזרע; Zinjirliid.; Arabicseed-produce, seed; EthiopicAssyrianzêru,cultivated land, BelserBAS ii. 130,compare Arabic) — absolute׳זGenes 38sowing, seed, offspring(Late Hebrewid., Aramaicזְרַע,; Phoenicianזרע; Zinjirliid.; Arabicseed-produce, seed; EthiopicAssyrianzêru,cultivated land, BelserBAS ii. 130,compare Arabic) — absolute׳זGenes

H7489 רָעַע
Definition:

A primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e. Bad (physically, socially or morally) -- afflict, associate selves (by mis A primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e. Bad (physically, socially or morally) -- afflict, associate selves (by mis

Possible Meanings:
  • crush (semantic_range)
  • shatter (semantic_range)
H1121 בֵּן
Definition:

25+;ֵ˜בּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16 25+;ֵ˜בּןֿEzekiel 18:10; constructבֵּןGenesis 49:22(twice in verse);בֶּןֿGenesis 5:32+;בֶּןEsther 2:5;Nehemiah 6:18, & with prefixGenesis 17:17;Numbers 8:25;1 Chronicles 27:23; 2Chronicles 25:5; 31:16

Possible Meanings:
  • son (semantic_range)
  • son (semantic_range)
  • children (semantic_range)
  • youth (semantic_range)
  • young men (semantic_range)
H7843 שָׁחַת
Definition:

11corrupt act; Arabicextirpate; Ethiopicinjure, violate; Tel Amarnaša—âtuisfall(especially of city),be prostrate(? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see WklTelAm. Vocab.), Assyrian possiblyšêtu,flee, escap 11corrupt act; Arabicextirpate; Ethiopicinjure, violate; Tel Amarnaša—âtuisfall(especially of city),be prostrate(? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see WklTelAm. Vocab.), Assyrian possiblyšêtu,flee, escap

H5800 עָזַב
Definition:

A primitive root; to loosen, i.e. Relinquish, permit, etc. -- commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave (destitute, off), refuse, X surely.Brown-Driver-BriggsI.עָזַב213verbleave, forsake, loose A primitive root; to loosen, i.e. Relinquish, permit, etc. -- commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave (destitute, off), refuse, X surely.Brown-Driver-BriggsI.עָזַב213verbleave, forsake, loose

Possible Meanings:
  • restore (semantic_range)
  • repair (semantic_range)
H0853 אֵת
Definition:

33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:

Possible Meanings:
  • sign (semantic_range)
H3068 יְהוָֹה
Definition:

7;Leviticus 24:11יהוהwas regarded as anomen ineffabile(see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jewsהַשֵּׁםand by the Samaritansשׁימא. The pronunciationJehovahwas unknown until 1520, when 7;Leviticus 24:11יהוהwas regarded as anomen ineffabile(see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jewsהַשֵּׁםand by the Samaritansשׁימא. The pronunciationJehovahwas unknown until 1520, when

Possible Meanings:
  • Yahweh (semantic_range)
  • the one bringing into being (semantic_range)
  • life-giver (semantic_range)
H5006 נָאַץ
Definition:

12; 3pluralנָָֽאֲצוּProverbs 1:30;נָאָ֑צוּPsalm 107:11;ImperfectיִנְאַץProverbs 15:5;יִנְאָצ֑וּןJeremiah 33:24, etc.; —contemn, subject wicked and foolish, objectתּוֺכַחַתProverbs 1:30;Proverbs 5:12; 12; 3pluralנָָֽאֲצוּProverbs 1:30;נָאָ֑צוּPsalm 107:11;ImperfectיִנְאַץProverbs 15:5;יִנְאָצ֑וּןJeremiah 33:24, etc.; —contemn, subject wicked and foolish, objectתּוֺכַחַתProverbs 1:30;Proverbs 5:12;

Possible Meanings:
  • spurn (semantic_range)
  • spurn (semantic_range)
H0853 אֵת
Definition:

33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:

Possible Meanings:
  • sign (semantic_range)
H6918 קָדוֹשׁ
Definition:

6+;קָדשׁExodus 29:31+; constructקְדוֺשׁIsaiah 1:4+;קְדשׁIsaiah 49:72t.; suffixקְדשִׁיHabakkuk 1:12;קְדוֺשׁוֺIsaiah 10:17;Isaiah 49:7קְדוֺשְׁכֶםIsaiah 43:15; pluralקְדוֺשִׁיםHosea 12:12t.,קְדשׁיםLeviti 6+;קָדשׁExodus 29:31+; constructקְדוֺשׁIsaiah 1:4+;קְדשׁIsaiah 49:72t.; suffixקְדשִׁיHabakkuk 1:12;קְדוֺשׁוֺIsaiah 10:17;Isaiah 49:7קְדוֺשְׁכֶםIsaiah 43:15; pluralקְדוֺשִׁיםHosea 12:12t.,קְדשׁיםLeviti

Possible Meanings:
  • sacred (semantic_range)
  • holy (semantic_range)
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל
Definition:

16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG 16(Hpt); MI5, + 5 t.ישראל; in EgyptianY-si-r-'lSteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff.PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; AssyrianSir-'-lai(=יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COTG

Possible Meanings:
  • Israel (semantic_range)
H2114 זוּר
Definition:

A primitive root; to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery -- (come from) another (man, place), fanner, go A primitive root; to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery -- (come from) another (man, place), fanner, go

Possible Meanings:
  • press down and out (semantic_range)
H0268 אָחוֹר
Definition:

—a.as accusative, in poetrybackwards23t. ( = proseאֲחֹרַנִּית) with verbs such asנָפַלfallGenesis 49:17,נָשׂוֺגbe turned2 Samuel 1:22(""תָּשׁוּברֵיקָם),שׁוּבPsalm 9:4;Psalm 56:10+,נָסוֺגPsalm 35:4;Psa —a.as accusative, in poetrybackwards23t. ( = proseאֲחֹרַנִּית) with verbs such asנָפַלfallGenesis 49:17,נָשׂוֺגbe turned2 Samuel 1:22(""תָּשׁוּברֵיקָם),שׁוּבPsalm 9:4;Psalm 56:10+,נָסוֺגPsalm 35:4;Psa

Possible Meanings:
  • the hinder side (semantic_range)
  • back part (semantic_range)

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