Hosea 8:9
"For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath hired lovers."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

For they are gone up to Assyria,.... Or, "though they should go up to Assyria" (g); to the king of Assyria, to gain his friendship, and enter into alliance with him; as, when Pal king of Assyria came against them, Menahem king of Israel went forth to meet him, and gave him a thousand talents of silver to be his confederate, and strengthen his kingdom, Kg2 15:19 ; yet this hindered not but that Israel was at length swallowed up by that people, and scattered by

them among the nations; for this is not to be understood of their going captive into the land of Assyria, as the Targum interprets it: a wild ass alone by himself; which may be applied either to the king of Assyria, and be considered as a description of him, to whom Israel went for help and friendship; who, though he took their present, and made them fair promises, yet was perfidious, unsociable, and inhuman, studied only his own advantage, and not their good: or to the Israelites that went to him, who were as sottish and stupid as the ass, and as headstrong and unruly as that, and, like it, lustful, and impetuous in their lusts; running to and fro for the satisfying of them, and taking no advice, nor suffering themselves to be controlled, and, being alone, became an easy prey to the Assyrian lion: or yet they should be as "a wild ass alone by itself" (h); notwithstanding all the methods they took to obtain the friendship and alliance of the king of Assyria, yet they should be carried captive by him, and dwell in the captivity like a wild ass in the wilderness; and so it is to be understood here, agreeably to Job 24:5 ; otherwise, as Bochart (i) has proved from various writers, these creatures go in flocks: Ephraim hath hired lovers; by giving presents to the kings of Assyria and Egypt, to be their allies and confederates, patrons and defenders, Kg2 15:19 ; who are represented as their gallants, with whom Ephraim or the ten tribes committed adultery, departing from God their Husband, and liege Lord and King, and from his true worship; see Eze 16:26 . R. Elias Levita (k) observes, that some interpret the words, "Ephraim made a covenant with lovers". (g) "quamvis, etiamsi ascenderint"; so Schmidt observes it may be rendered, though he chooses to render it by "quando", "when they should go up", &c. (h) "erunt onager, qui solitarius sibi est", Schmidt. (i) Hierozoic. par. 1. l. 3. c. 16. col. 870. (k) Tishbi, p. 267.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (9 words)

H3588 כִּי
Definition:

Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic, Phoenicianכ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found inhere, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaicדֵּךְthis(WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin withthat, in order that, andthen, enclitic,

Possible Meanings:
  • for (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
  • when (semantic_range)
H1992 הֵם
Definition:

Or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural fromhalak; they (only used when emphatic) -- it, like, X (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such, their, them, these, t Or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural fromhalak; they (only used when emphatic) -- it, like, X (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such, their, them, these, t

Possible Meanings:
  • of their moaning (semantic_range)
  • wailing (semantic_range)
  • wealth (semantic_range)
H5927 עָלָה
Definition:

15+; 3 feminine singularעָֽלְתָהGenesis 40:10+;עָלָ֑תָהJeremiah 14:2;1 Samuel 1:22; 2masculine singularעָלִיתָGenesis 49:4+, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיַעֲלֶהGenesis 2:6+,יַ֫עַלGenesis 44:33+,ו 15+; 3 feminine singularעָֽלְתָהGenesis 40:10+;עָלָ֑תָהJeremiah 14:2;1 Samuel 1:22; 2masculine singularעָלִיתָGenesis 49:4+, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularיַעֲלֶהGenesis 2:6+,יַ֫עַלGenesis 44:33+,ו

Possible Meanings:
  • matter (semantic_range)
  • affair (semantic_range)
  • occasion (semantic_range)
H0804 אַשּׁוּר
Definition:

Or iashshur {ash-shoor'}; apparently from'ashar(in the sense of successful); Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria), its region and its e Or iashshur {ash-shoor'}; apparently from'ashar(in the sense of successful); Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria), its region and its e

Possible Meanings:
  • step (semantic_range)
  • going (semantic_range)
H6501 פֶרֶא
Definition:

5(masculineandfeminineJeremiah 2:24, butfeminineprobably erroneous, compare KöSynt. 157AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 68)wild ass(probably from swiftness); —׳פabsoluteHosea 8:9+ (soJeremiah 2:24Gi; van d. H. Bae 5(masculineandfeminineJeremiah 2:24, butfeminineprobably erroneous, compare KöSynt. 157AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 68)wild ass(probably from swiftness); —׳פabsoluteHosea 8:9+ (soJeremiah 2:24Gi; van d. H. Bae

H0909 בָּדד
Definition:

8Saad; IV.divide into parts; x.go alone, act independently), onlyParticipleבּוֺדֵדIsaiah 14:31(of straggler in army),Hosea 8:9מֶּרֶא בוֺדֵד לוֺa wild-ass (simile of Ephraim)going alonefor itself (i.e. 8Saad; IV.divide into parts; x.go alone, act independently), onlyParticipleבּוֺדֵדIsaiah 14:31(of straggler in army),Hosea 8:9מֶּרֶא בוֺדֵד לוֺa wild-ass (simile of Ephraim)going alonefor itself (i.e.

Possible Meanings:
  • talk idly (semantic_range)
H0669 אֶפְרַיִם
Definition:

52 connected withהִפְרָה, Hiph`il ofפרה, compareפראHiph`ilHosea 13:15).12nd son of JosephGenesis 41:52;Genesis 46:20; reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over ManassehGe 52 connected withהִפְרָה, Hiph`il ofפרה, compareפראHiph`ilHosea 13:15).12nd son of JosephGenesis 41:52;Genesis 46:20; reckoned among sons of Jacob, blessed by him, and given preference over ManassehGe

Possible Meanings:
  • Ephraim (semantic_range)
H8566 תָּנָה
Definition:

10hire(allies) among the nations;Hiph`ilPerfect3pluralהִתְנוּHosea 8:9have hiredlovers. — We in bothיִתְּנוּgive:Hosea 8:9giveamorous favours,Hosea 8:10give(these), compare Now Marti Harper. —תְּנָהPs 10hire(allies) among the nations;Hiph`ilPerfect3pluralהִתְנוּHosea 8:9have hiredlovers. — We in bothיִתְּנוּgive:Hosea 8:9giveamorous favours,Hosea 8:10give(these), compare Now Marti Harper. —תְּנָהPs

Possible Meanings:
  • recount (semantic_range)
  • rehearse (semantic_range)
  • let them recount (semantic_range)
H0158 אַהַב
Definition:

9, but׳אַיֶּלֶת אloving hindProverbs 5:19(figurative of wife ""יַעֲלַת חֵן).Topical LexiconSemantic Range and NuancesThe masculine noun under consideration denotes “lover” or “one loved.” It is relati 9, but׳אַיֶּלֶת אloving hindProverbs 5:19(figurative of wife ""יַעֲלַת חֵן).Topical LexiconSemantic Range and NuancesThe masculine noun under consideration denotes “lover” or “one loved.” It is relati

Possible Meanings:
  • amours (semantic_range)

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