Hebrew Word Studies (15 words)
582verbput, place, set(compare NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; Late HebrewסוּסPi`eldesignate, fix,שׂוםEcclus 45:5c; Ecclus 49:6; Phoenicianשם, Assyrianšâmu. fix, determine;Sabeanשׂיםset, set up, SabDenkmNo. 582verbput, place, set(compare NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; Late HebrewסוּסPi`eldesignate, fix,שׂוםEcclus 45:5c; Ecclus 49:6; Phoenicianשם, Assyrianšâmu. fix, determine;Sabeanשׂיםset, set up, SabDenkmNo.
- make (semantic_range)
- make (semantic_range)
- make (semantic_range)
- appoint (semantic_range)
“The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the “The Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters” (Genesis 1:2). From the opening verses, עַל marks God’s sovereignty above the chaotic deep, foreshadowing His orderly governance of the
- upon (semantic_range)
- on account of (semantic_range)
- to (semantic_range)
38+,הַשַּׂרMicah 7:3+,שָׂ֑רHosea 3:4+; constructשַׂרJudges 4:2+; suffixשַׂרְכֶםDaniel 10:21; pluralשָׂרִים1 Kings 4:2+; constructשָׂרֵיGenesis 12:15+; suffixשָׂרַיJudges 5:15;Isaiah 10:8,שָׂרֵיכֶםJere 38+,הַשַּׂרMicah 7:3+,שָׂ֑רHosea 3:4+; constructשַׂרJudges 4:2+; suffixשַׂרְכֶםDaniel 10:21; pluralשָׂרִים1 Kings 4:2+; constructשָׂרֵיGenesis 12:15+; suffixשָׂרַיJudges 5:15;Isaiah 10:8,שָׂרֵיכֶםJere
- navel-string (semantic_range)
27usuallycollectivebody of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom (ᵑ7מִסָּא, especially in phraseמַסְּקֵי מִיסִּין(implying late and [for B 27usuallycollectivebody of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom (ᵑ7מִסָּא, especially in phraseמַסְּקֵי מִיסִּין(implying late and [for B
- despairing (semantic_range)
- melting (semantic_range)
- failing (semantic_range)
- collapsing (semantic_range)
compareמַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffixלְמַעֲנִי,לְמַעַנְךָ, andלְמַעַנְכֶם; —1. preposition: —a.Genesis 18:24wilt thou ... not spare the placeלמען חמשׁים הציקיםfor the sake ofthe 50 righteous?Deuter compareמַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffixלְמַעֲנִי,לְמַעַנְךָ, andלְמַעַנְכֶם; —1. preposition: —a.Genesis 18:24wilt thou ... not spare the placeלמען חמשׁים הציקיםfor the sake ofthe 50 righteous?Deuter
- purpose (semantic_range)
- intent (semantic_range)
- on account of (semantic_range)
- to the intent (semantic_range)
A primitive root (possibly rather ident. Withanahthrough the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows A primitive root (possibly rather ident. Withanahthrough the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows
- answer (semantic_range)
6(P), of the heavy labours imposed on Israel by Egyptian,Exodus 6:7; suffixסִבְלֹתֵיכֶםExodus 5:4(J),סִבְלֹתָםExodus 1:11;Exodus 5:5(both J),Exodus 2:11(E); (comparePsalm 81:7,סֵבֶל).Topical LexiconHi 6(P), of the heavy labours imposed on Israel by Egyptian,Exodus 6:7; suffixסִבְלֹתֵיכֶםExodus 5:4(J),סִבְלֹתָםExodus 1:11;Exodus 5:5(both J),Exodus 2:11(E); (comparePsalm 81:7,סֵבֶל).Topical LexiconHi
- burden (semantic_range)
5+,בָּֽנְתָהProverbs 9:1;Proverbs 14:1,בָּנִיתָDeuteronomy 6:10,בָּנִתָה1 Kings 9:3;וּבָנִ֫יתָconsecutiveDeuteronomy 20:20+;בָּנִיתְEzekiel 16:25;בָּנִתִי1 Kings 8:13+; pluralבָּנוּGenesis 11:5+, etc. 5+,בָּֽנְתָהProverbs 9:1;Proverbs 14:1,בָּנִיתָDeuteronomy 6:10,בָּנִתָה1 Kings 9:3;וּבָנִ֫יתָconsecutiveDeuteronomy 20:20+;בָּנִיתְEzekiel 16:25;בָּנִתִי1 Kings 8:13+; pluralבָּנוּGenesis 11:5+, etc.
- build (semantic_range)
- build (semantic_range)
- be built (semantic_range)
Or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4) {aw-yar'}; fromuwra city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post) -- Ai (from margin), city, c Or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4) {aw-yar'}; fromuwra city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post) -- Ai (from margin), city, c
- wakeful (semantic_range)
- one (semantic_range)
- angel (semantic_range)
11(J),1 Kings 9:192Chronicles 8:6,4; 17:12;׳ע׳מ2Chronicles 16:4 probably corrupt (Be and others; seeעִיר);׳מalone 2 Chronicles 32:28storage-places, magazines.Topical LexiconDefinition within the bibli 11(J),1 Kings 9:192Chronicles 8:6,4; 17:12;׳ע׳מ2Chronicles 16:4 probably corrupt (Be and others; seeעִיר);׳מalone 2 Chronicles 32:28storage-places, magazines.Topical LexiconDefinition within the bibli
15(3 t. in verse);Genesis 12:17212t. Hexateuch 19 t. Kings,Isaiah 19:11(twice in verse) + 3t.,Jeremiah 25:1910t.,Ezekiel 17:1712t.,Nehemiah 9:10;1 Chronicles 4:18; 2Chronicles 8:11;Psalm 135:9;Psalm 1 15(3 t. in verse);Genesis 12:17212t. Hexateuch 19 t. Kings,Isaiah 19:11(twice in verse) + 3t.,Jeremiah 25:1910t.,Ezekiel 17:1712t.,Nehemiah 9:10;1 Chronicles 4:18; 2Chronicles 8:11;Psalm 135:9;Psalm 1
- Pharaoh (semantic_range)
33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, onceאוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, onceאוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:
- sign (semantic_range)
11; identification by Naville withTel el-Maskhkûta, near East end of Wady Tumilat, NavillePithom, 1885Di-Ryon the passageDiSBAk, 1885, 889 ff.BädEgypt (4). 159.פתן(√ of following; meaning dubious; Hil 11; identification by Naville withTel el-Maskhkûta, near East end of Wady Tumilat, NavillePithom, 1885Di-Ryon the passageDiSBAk, 1885, 889 ff.BädEgypt (4). 159.פתן(√ of following; meaning dubious; Hil
33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, onceאוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, onceאוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:
- sign (semantic_range)
11(J), =רַלְמְסֵסGenesis 47:11;Exodus 12:37;Numbers 33:3,5 (all P),Ramses, city in Egypt;Ραμες(ς)η; built by King Rameses II (hence its name; the king used Israelitishcorveveaccording toExodus 1:11), 11(J), =רַלְמְסֵסGenesis 47:11;Exodus 12:37;Numbers 33:3,5 (all P),Ramses, city in Egypt;Ραμες(ς)η; built by King Rameses II (hence its name; the king used Israelitishcorveveaccording toExodus 1:11),
Interlinear data not available for this verse yet.
Commentary
Gill's Exposition
Therefore they did set taskmasters over them, to afflict them with their burdens,.... This was the first scheme proposed and agreed on, and was carried into execution, to appoint taskmasters over them; or "princes", or "masters of tribute" (r), commissioners of taxes, who had power to lay heavy taxes upon them, and oblige them to pay them, which were very burdensome, and so afflictive to their minds, and tended to diminish their wealth and riches, and obliged them to harder labour in order to pay them, and so every way contributed to distress them: and they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses; these might be built with the money they collected from them by way of tribute, and so said to be built by them, since it was chiefly in husbandry, and in keeping flocks and herds, that the Israelites were employed;
or they might be concerned in building these cities, some of them understanding architecture, or however the poorer or meaner sort might be made use of in the more laborious and servile part of the work; those two cities are, in the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem, called Tanis and Pelusium; but Tanis was the same with Zoan, and that was built but seven years after Hebron, an ancient city, in being long before this time, see Num 13:22 . Pelusium indeed may be one of them, but then it is not that which is here called Raamses, but Pithom, as Sir John Marsham (s) and others think: Pithom is by Junius thought to be the same with the Pathumus of Herodotus (t), a town in Arabia Petraes, upon the borders of Egypt, where a ditch was dug from the Nile to the Red sea, and supposed to be the work of the Israelites: Raamses is a place different from Ramesses, Gen 47:11 and had its name from the then reigning Pharaoh, Ramesses Miamun, as Pithom is thought by some to be so called from his queen: Pliny (u) makes mention of some people called Ramisi and Patami, who probably were the inhabitants of these cities, whom he joins to the Arabians as bordering on Egypt: the Septuagint version adds a third city, "On", which is Hellopolls: and a learned writer (w) is of opinion that Raamses and Heliopolis are the same, and observes, that Raamses, in the Egyptian tongue, signifies the field of the sun, being consecrated to it, as Heliopolis is the city of the sun, the same with Bethshemesh, the house of the sun, Jer 43:13 and he thinks these cities were not properly built by the Israelites, but repaired, ornamented, and fortified, being by them banked up against the force of the Nile, that the granaries might be safe from it, as Strabo (x) writes, particularly of Heliopolis; and the Septuagint version here calls them fortified cities; and with this agrees what Benjamin of Tudela says (y), that he came to the fountain of "Al-shemesh", or the sun, which is Raamses; and there are remains of the building of our fathers (the Jew says) even towers built of bricks, and Fium, he says (z), (which was in Goshen; see Gill on Gen 47:11 ) is the same with Pithom; and there, he says, are to be seen some of the buildings of our fathers. Here these cities are said to be built for treasure cities, either to lay up the riches of the kings of Egypt in, or as granaries and storehouses for corn, or magazines for warlike stores, or for all of these: some think the "pyramids" were built by the Israelites, and there is a passage in Herodotus (a) which seems to favour it; he says, the kings that built them, the Egyptians, through hatred, name them not, but call them the pyramids of the shepherd Philitis, who at that time kept sheep in those parts; which seems to point at the Israelites, the beloved people of God, who were shepherds. (r) "principes tributorum", Pagninus, Montanus, Fagius, Drusius, Cartwright; so Tigurine version. (s) Ut supra. (Canon Chron. Sec. 8. p. 107.) (t) Euterpe, sive, l. 2. c. 158. (u) Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 28. (w) Jablonski de Terra Goshen, dissert. 4. sect. 8. (x) Geograph. l. 17. p. 553. (y) Itinerar. p. 120. (z) Ib. p. 114. (a) Ut supra, (t)) c. 128.