1 Kings 7:23
"And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about."

Commentary

Gill's Exposition

And he made a molten sea,.... A large vessel made of molten brass, which, because of the great quantity of water it held, is called a sea; as it was usual with the Jews to call a large collection of waters a sea, as the sea of Tiberius and Galilee. This was made by the man of Tyre, as the pillars, by the order of Solomon, and answered to the brasen laver in the tabernacle, only larger than that; and was not only for the priests to wash their hands and feet in, but to

dip upon occasion, and by the Jews (p) is expressly said to be a dipping place for the priests, see Ch2 4:6 , ten cubits from the one brim to the other: which was the diameter of it: it was round all about; spherical or circular; not as an hemisphere, as Josephus (q), and Procopius Gazaeus, but rather cylindrical: and his height was five cubits; from the bottom of it, not including the pedestal of oxen on which it stood: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about; this was the circumference of it; which answers to the diameter of ten cubits, or near it, a round number being given not strictly mathematical. (Sceptics have ridiculed the Bible for saying that the mathematical constant is 3 instead of the more precise 3.14159. (This number is an "irrational number" and needs an infinite number digits to specify it exactly.) Two explanations for the apparent lack of precision in the measurement are given. 1) The circumference given may be for the inside circumference and the diameter may be the diameter including the thickness of the rim. This would yield a very accurate mathematical result for the inside circumference of thirty cubits. The outside circumference would be about 31.4 cubits giving a rim thickness of four inches or an hand breadth agreeing with Kg1 7:26 . 2) In Kg1 7:26 we read the vessel "was wrought like the brim of a cup." That is the brim on the top of the vessel was wider than the main part of the vessel. The diameter would be given for the brim. If the brim or lip extended about four inches past the main body of the vessel then the outside circumference of the main part of the vessel would be exactly thirty cubits. In each case the mathematical ratio for circumference of the circle is d, where "d" is the diameter and is the number 3.14159 ..... For a more complete discussion on this see the article by Russel Grigg. (r). Editor.) (p) T. Hieros, Yema, fol. 41. 1 (q) Antiqu. l. 8. c. 3. sect 5. (r) "Does the Bible say pi equals 3.0?", Russell Greg, page 24, "Ex Nihil", March-May Issue, Vol. 17. No. 2., Creation Science Foundation Ltd. Brisbane, Australia.

Source: Gill's Exposition (Public Domain)

Hebrew Word Studies (21 words)

H6213 עָשָׂה
Definition:

A primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows) -- accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly, A primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application (as follows) -- accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, X certainly,

Possible Meanings:
  • press (semantic_range)
  • squeeze (semantic_range)
H0853 אֵת
Definition:

33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:

Possible Meanings:
  • sign (semantic_range)
H3220 יָם
Definition:

27sea(Phoenicianים; Arabic; Palmyreneבימאon the sea, VogNo. 79; on Assyrianiâmu, (¹mu),sea, see DlHWB 307M-ACD 52HptBAS i. 171 n.) — absoluteיָם1 Samuel 13:5+;יָ֫מָּהGenesis 28:14+; constructיָםGenesi 27sea(Phoenicianים; Arabic; Palmyreneבימאon the sea, VogNo. 79; on Assyrianiâmu, (¹mu),sea, see DlHWB 307M-ACD 52HptBAS i. 171 n.) — absoluteיָם1 Samuel 13:5+;יָ֫מָּהGenesis 28:14+; constructיָםGenesi

H4165 מוּצָק
Definition:

37(of metal); of dust compactged into clodבְּצֶקֶתעָפָר לַמּוּצָקJob 38:38. — II.מוצקsee belowצוקTopical LexiconConcept and Imageryמוּצָק evokes the picture of molten metal being poured into a mold an 37(of metal); of dust compactged into clodבְּצֶקֶתעָפָר לַמּוּצָקJob 38:38. — II.מוצקsee belowצוקTopical LexiconConcept and Imageryמוּצָק evokes the picture of molten metal being poured into a mold an

Possible Meanings:
  • constraint (semantic_range)
  • distress (semantic_range)
H6235 עֶשֶׂר
Definition:

1653t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable);עָ֑שֶׁר1 Kings 7:43;1 Chronicles 6:46;feminine(c.noun masculine): absoluteעֲשָׂרָהGenesis 24:1069t.; construct (probably)עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת1 Samuel 17: 1653t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable);עָ֑שֶׁר1 Kings 7:43;1 Chronicles 6:46;feminine(c.noun masculine): absoluteעֲשָׂרָהGenesis 24:1069t.; construct (probably)עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת1 Samuel 17:

Possible Meanings:
  • a ten (semantic_range)
H0520 אַמָּה
Definition:

4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ 4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ

Possible Meanings:
  • nation (semantic_range)
H8193 שָׂפָה
Definition:

32,edge, compare AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 76],lip, speech, edge; — absolute׳שׂGenesis 11:1+, constructשְׂפַתGenesis 11:7+; suffixשְׂפָתוֺ1 Kings 7:23+, etc.; oftener dualשְׂפָתַיִםIsaiah 6:5+, constructשִׂ 32,edge, compare AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 76],lip, speech, edge; — absolute׳שׂGenesis 11:1+, constructשְׂפַתGenesis 11:7+; suffixשְׂפָתוֺ1 Kings 7:23+, etc.; oftener dualשְׂפָתַיִםIsaiah 6:5+, constructשִׂ

Possible Meanings:
  • sweep bare (semantic_range)
  • be wind-swept (semantic_range)
  • bare (semantic_range)
  • his bones are laid bare (semantic_range)
H5704 עַד
Definition:

20,24;Psalm 104:23;Psalm 147:6;Job 7:4;Job 20:5, and inעֲדֵי עַדIsaiah 26:4;Isaiah 65:18;Psalm 83:18;Psalm 92:8;Psalm 132:12;Psalm 132:14:compareאֱלֵי,עֲלֵי),prepositionas far as, even to, up to, unti 20,24;Psalm 104:23;Psalm 147:6;Job 7:4;Job 20:5, and inעֲדֵי עַדIsaiah 26:4;Isaiah 65:18;Psalm 83:18;Psalm 92:8;Psalm 132:12;Psalm 132:14:compareאֱלֵי,עֲלֵי),prepositionas far as, even to, up to, unti

Possible Meanings:
  • until (semantic_range)
H8145 שֵׁנִי
Definition:

13+, etc. (שֵׁנִי82t. +Nehemiah 3:30, readשֵׁנִית; readוְהַשֵּׁנִיalso1 Chronicles 6:13forושני);בַּשָּׁנָההַשֵּׁנִיתGenesis 47:18+, etc. (שֵׁנִית72t. +Nehemiah 3:30see above),׳שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁLeviti 13+, etc. (שֵׁנִי82t. +Nehemiah 3:30, readשֵׁנִית; readוְהַשֵּׁנִיalso1 Chronicles 6:13forושני);בַּשָּׁנָההַשֵּׁנִיתGenesis 47:18+, etc. (שֵׁנִית72t. +Nehemiah 3:30see above),׳שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁLeviti

Possible Meanings:
  • second (semantic_range)
H5696 עָגֹל
Definition:

232t.,עָגוֺל1Kings 10:19; 2 Chronicles 4:2; feminine pluralעֲגֻלּוֺת1 Kings 7:31; —round1 Kings 7:31(twice in verse) (opposed toמְרֻבָּעוֺת),1 Kings 10:19;סָבְיב׳עround in circuit(perimeter)1 Kings 7: 232t.,עָגוֺל1Kings 10:19; 2 Chronicles 4:2; feminine pluralעֲגֻלּוֺת1 Kings 7:31; —round1 Kings 7:31(twice in verse) (opposed toמְרֻבָּעוֺת),1 Kings 10:19;סָבְיב׳עround in circuit(perimeter)1 Kings 7:

H5439 סָבִיב
Definition:

— constructסְבִיבAmos 3:11; plural constructסְבִיבֵיJeremiah 32:44;Jeremiah 33:13, suffixסְבִיבֶיךָetc. (10 t.), much oftenerסְבִיבוֺתExodus 7:2422t.,סְבִיבוֺתַי,תֶיךָ-, etc.,Deuteronomy 17:14, etc. ( — constructסְבִיבAmos 3:11; plural constructסְבִיבֵיJeremiah 32:44;Jeremiah 33:13, suffixסְבִיבֶיךָetc. (10 t.), much oftenerסְבִיבוֺתExodus 7:2422t.,סְבִיבוֺתַי,תֶיךָ-, etc.,Deuteronomy 17:14, etc. (

Possible Meanings:
  • circuit (semantic_range)
  • round about (semantic_range)
H2568 חָמֵשׁ
Definition:

694t. +Ezekiel 40:30(strike outᵐ5BHi-Sm Co; Co strike out also inEzekiel 40:25;Ezekiel 40:29;Ezekiel 40:33;Ezekiel 40:36) +Ezekiel 45:3Kt (where readfemininewith Qr); constructחֲמֵשׁGenesis 5:1067t. + 694t. +Ezekiel 40:30(strike outᵐ5BHi-Sm Co; Co strike out also inEzekiel 40:25;Ezekiel 40:29;Ezekiel 40:33;Ezekiel 40:36) +Ezekiel 45:3Kt (where readfemininewith Qr); constructחֲמֵשׁGenesis 5:1067t. +

Possible Meanings:
  • army (semantic_range)
  • five parts (semantic_range)
  • be firm strong (semantic_range)
  • be courageous (semantic_range)
H0520 אַמָּה
Definition:

4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ 4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ

Possible Meanings:
  • nation (semantic_range)
H6967 קוֹמָה
Definition:

18+,קֹמָהExodus 27:18; constructקוֺמַת1 Kings 6:26+; suffixקוֺמָתוֺ1 Kings 7:23+,קֹמָתוֺExodus 25:10+, etc.; —1height, of person,stature1 Samuel 16:7;Ezekiel 13:18;Songs 7:8;מְלֹאקֿוֺמָתוֺ1 Samuel 28: 18+,קֹמָהExodus 27:18; constructקוֺמַת1 Kings 6:26+; suffixקוֺמָתוֺ1 Kings 7:23+,קֹמָתוֺExodus 25:10+, etc.; —1height, of person,stature1 Samuel 16:7;Ezekiel 13:18;Songs 7:8;מְלֹאקֿוֺמָתוֺ1 Samuel 28:

H6961 קָוֶה
Definition:

Fromqavah; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding) -- line.see HEBREWqavahTopical LexiconTerm and Scopeקָוֶה (qaveh) denotes a “measuring line,” the cord used by builders and surveyors to establish dim Fromqavah; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding) -- line.see HEBREWqavahTopical LexiconTerm and Scopeקָוֶה (qaveh) denotes a “measuring line,” the cord used by builders and surveyors to establish dim

Possible Meanings:
  • collect (semantic_range)
  • be collected (semantic_range)
H6961 קָוֶה
Definition:

Fromqavah; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding) -- line.see HEBREWqavahTopical LexiconTerm and Scopeקָוֶה (qaveh) denotes a “measuring line,” the cord used by builders and surveyors to establish dim Fromqavah; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding) -- line.see HEBREWqavahTopical LexiconTerm and Scopeקָוֶה (qaveh) denotes a “measuring line,” the cord used by builders and surveyors to establish dim

Possible Meanings:
  • collect (semantic_range)
  • be collected (semantic_range)
H7970 שְׁלוֹשִׁים
Definition:

174noun indeclinablethirty; —1before singular noun:אַמָּהGenesis 6:153t., +, withבָּאַמָּהExodus 26:83t.;שָׁנָה2 Samuel 5:412t. (age of paternity, of Levitical or royal duty, etc.),אִישׁJudges 14:193t 174noun indeclinablethirty; —1before singular noun:אַמָּהGenesis 6:153t., +, withבָּאַמָּהExodus 26:83t.;שָׁנָה2 Samuel 5:412t. (age of paternity, of Levitical or royal duty, etc.),אִישׁJudges 14:193t

H0520 אַמָּה
Definition:

4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ 4; DlPr 109MV derive immediately from √אמםbe wide (see above),אַמָּה=distance, & hence a particular distance,ell, cubit) —׳אabsoluteGenesis 6:15+; constructאַמַּתDeuteronomy 3:11;Jeremiah 51:13;dualאַ

Possible Meanings:
  • nation (semantic_range)
H5437 סָבַב
Definition:

19+; 1 singularסַבֹּ֫תִי1 Samuel 22:22(but see below),סַבּ֫וֺתִיEcclesiastes 2:20;Ecclesiastes 7:25; 3pluralסָָֽבְבוּJoshua 6:15+1 Samuel 14:21;2 Samuel 24:6(see below), suffixסְבָבוּנִיPsalm 18:6+,סַ 19+; 1 singularסַבֹּ֫תִי1 Samuel 22:22(but see below),סַבּ֫וֺתִיEcclesiastes 2:20;Ecclesiastes 7:25; 3pluralסָָֽבְבוּJoshua 6:15+1 Samuel 14:21;2 Samuel 24:6(see below), suffixסְבָבוּנִיPsalm 18:6+,סַ

Possible Meanings:
  • turn about (semantic_range)
  • go around (semantic_range)
  • surround (semantic_range)
  • turn (semantic_range)
  • march (semantic_range)
H0853 אֵת
Definition:

33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34: 33,אֹתָ֑ךְ,אֹתָ֑כָהExodus 29:35, feminineאֹתָךְ;אֹתוֺetc.; 2 pluralאֶתְכֶם, once˜אוֺתְכֶםJoshua 23:15; 3masculine plural regularlyאֹתָם, rarelyאֶתְהֶםGenesis 32:1;Exodus 18:20;Numbers 21:3;Ezekiel 34:

Possible Meanings:
  • sign (semantic_range)
H5439 סָבִיב
Definition:

— constructסְבִיבAmos 3:11; plural constructסְבִיבֵיJeremiah 32:44;Jeremiah 33:13, suffixסְבִיבֶיךָetc. (10 t.), much oftenerסְבִיבוֺתExodus 7:2422t.,סְבִיבוֺתַי,תֶיךָ-, etc.,Deuteronomy 17:14, etc. ( — constructסְבִיבAmos 3:11; plural constructסְבִיבֵיJeremiah 32:44;Jeremiah 33:13, suffixסְבִיבֶיךָetc. (10 t.), much oftenerסְבִיבוֺתExodus 7:2422t.,סְבִיבוֺתַי,תֶיךָ-, etc.,Deuteronomy 17:14, etc. (

Possible Meanings:
  • circuit (semantic_range)
  • round about (semantic_range)

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