2 Chronicles 3:1

2 Chronicles Old Testament

WEB

Then Solomon began to build the house of the Lord at Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the Lord appeared to David his father, which he prepared in the place that David had appointed, in the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.

KJV

Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite.

Commentary

Commentary

It was a much larger and more particular account of the building of the temple which we had in the book of Kings than is here in this book of Chronicles. In this chapter we have, I. The place and time of building the temple, ver. 1, 2 . II. The dimensions and rich ornaments of it, ver. 3-9 . III. The cherubim in the most holy place, ver. 10-13 . IV. The veil, ver. 14 . V. The two pillars, ver. 15-17 . Of all this we have already and an account, 1 Kings vi., vii. 1 Then Solomon began to build the house of the L ORD at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where the L ORD appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite.   2 And he began to build in the second day of the second month, in the fourth year of his reign.   3 Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits.   4 And the porch that was in the front of the house, the length of it was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the height was a hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it within with pure gold.   5 And the greater house he cieled with fir tree, which he overlaid with fine gold, and set thereon palm trees and chains.   6 And he garnished the house with precious stones for beauty: and the gold was gold of Parvaim.   7 He overlaid also the house, the beams, the posts, and the walls thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold; and graved cherubims on the walls.   8 And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits: and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six hundred talents.   9 And the weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. And he overlaid the upper chambers with gold. Here is, I. The place where the temple was built. Solomon was neither at liberty to choose nor at a loss to fix the place. It was before determined ( 1 Chron. xxii. 1 ), which was an ease to his mind. 1. It must be at Jerusalem; for that was the place where God had chosen to put his name there. The royal city must be the holy city. There must be the testimony of Israel; for there are set the thrones of judgment, Ps. cxxii. 4, 5 . 2. It must be on Mount Moriah, which, some think, was that very place in the land of Moriah where Abraham offered Isaac, Gen. xxii. 2 . So the Targum says expressly, adding, But he was delivered by the word of the Lord, and a ram provided in his place. That was typical of Christ's sacrifice of himself; therefore fitly was the temple, which was likewise a type of him, built there. 3. It must be where the Lord appeared to David, and answered him by fire, 1 Chron. xxi. 18, 26 . There atonement was made once; and therefore, in remembrance of that, there atonement must still be made. Where God has met with me it is to be hoped that he will still manifest himself. 4. It must be in the place which David has prepared, not only which he had purchased with his money, but which he had purchased with his money, but which he had pitched upon divine direction. It was Solomon's wisdom not to enquire out a more convenient place, but to acquiesce in the appointment of God, whatever might be objected against it. 5. It must be in the threshold floor of Ornan, which, if (as a Jebusite) it gives encouragement to the Gentiles, obliges us to look upon temple-work as that which requires the labour of the mind, no less than threshing-work does that of the body. II. The time when it was begun; not till the fourth year of Solomon's reign, v. 2 . Not that the first three years were trifled away, or spent in deliberating whether they should build the temple or no; but they were employed in the necessary preparations for it, wherein three years would be soon gone, considering how many hands were to be got together and set to work. Some conjecture that this was a sabbatical year, or year of release and rest to the land, when the people, being discharged from their husbandry, might more easily lend a hand to the beginning of this work; and then the year in which it was finished would fall out to be another sabbatical year, when they would likewise have leisure to attend the solemnity of the dedication of it. III. The dimensions of it, in which Solomon was instructed ( v. 3 ), as he was in other things, by his father. This was the foundation (so it may be read) which Solomon laid for the building of the house. This was the rule he went by, so many cubits the length and breadth, after the first measure, that is, according to the measure first fixed, which there was no reason to make any alteration of when the work came to be done; for the dimensions were given by divine wisdom, and what God does shall be for ever; nothing can be put to it, or taken from it, Eccl. iii. 14 . His first measure will be the last. IV. The ornaments of the temple. The timber-work was very fine, and yet, within, it was overlaid with pure gold ( v. 4 ), with fine gold ( v. 5 ), and that embossed with palm-trees and chains. It was gold of Parvaim ( v. 6 ), the best gold. The beams and posts, the walls and doors, were overlaid with gold, v. 7 . The most holy place, which was ten yards square, was all overlaid with fine gold ( v. 8 ), even the upper chambers, or rather the upper floor or roof --top, bottom, and sides, were all overlaid with gold. Every nail, or screw, or pin, with which the golden plates were fastened to the walls that were overlaid with them, weighed fifty shekels, or was worth so much, workmanship and all. A great many precious stones were dedicated to God ( 1 Chron. xxix. 2, 8 ), and these were set here and there, where they would show to the best advantage. The finest houses now pretend to no better garnishing than good paint on the roof and walls; but the ornaments of the temple were most substantially rich. It was set with precious stones, because it was a type of the new Jerusalem, which has no temple in it because it is all temple, and the walls, gates, and foundations of which are said to be of precious stones and pearls, Rev. xxi. 18, 19, 21 . 10 And in the most holy house he made two cherubims of image work, and overlaid them with gold.   11 And the wings of the cherubims were twenty cubits long: one wing of the one cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was likewise five cubits, reaching to the wing of the other cherub.   12 And one wing of the other cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was five cubits also, joining to the wing of the other cherub.   13 The wings of these cherubims spread themselves forth twenty cubits: and they stood on their feet, and their faces were inward.   14 And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.   15 Also he made before the house two pillars of thirty and five cubits high, and the chapiter that was on the top of each of them was five cubits.   16 And he made chains, as in the oracle, and put them on the heads of the pillars; and made a hundred pomegranates, and put them on the chains.   17 And he reared up the pillars before the temple, one on the right hand, and the other on the left; and called the name of that on the right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz. Here is an account of 1. The two cherubim, which were set up in the holy of holies. There were two already over the ark, which covered the mercy-seat with their wings; these were small ones. Now that the most holy place was enlarged, though these were continued (being appurtenances to the ark, which was not to be made new, as all the other utensils of the tabernacle were), yet those two large ones were added, doubtless by divine appointment, to fill up the holy place, which otherwise would have looked bare, like a room unfurnished. These cherubim are said to be of image-work ( v. 10 ), designed, it is likely, to represent the angels who attend the divine Majesty. Each wing extended five cubits, so that the whole was twenty cubits ( v. 12, 13 ), which was just the breadth of the most holy place, v. 8 . They stood on their feet, as servants, their faces inward toward the ark ( v. 13 ), that it might appear they were not set there to be adored (for then they would have been made sitting, as on a throne, and their faces towards their worshippers), but rather as themselves attendants on the invisible God. We must not worship angels, but we must worship with angels; for we have come into communion with them ( Heb. xii. 22 ), and must do the will of God as the angels do it. The thought that we are worshipping him before whom the angels cover their faces will help to inspire us with reverence in all our approaches to God. Compare 1 Cor. xi. 10 with Isa. vi. 2 . 2. The veil that parted between the temple and the most holy place, v. 14 . This denoted the darkness of that dispensation, and the distance which the worshippers were kept at; but, at the death of Christ, this veil was rent; for through him we are made nigh, and have boldness not only to look, but to enter, into the holiest. On this he was wrought cherubim. Heb. he caused them to ascend, that is, they were made in raised work, embossed. Or he made them on the wing in an ascending posture, as the other two that stood on their feet in an attending posture, to remind the worshippers to lift up their hearts, and to soar upwards in their devotions. 3. The two pillars which were set up before the temple. Both together were somewhat above thirty-five cubits in length ( v. 15 ), about eighteen cubits high a-piece. See 1 Kings vii. 15 , &c., where we took a view of those pillars, Jachin and Boaz, establishment and strength in temple-work and by it. INTRODUCTION TO 2 CHRONICLES 3 & 4 These two chapters give an account of the building of the temple, of the materials, parts, and form of it, and of things belonging to it, and which agrees with 1Ki 6:1 see the notes there; only here, 1Ch 3:1, mention is made of the particular place where it was built, Mount Moriah; of which see the notes on Ge 22:2. The dimensions of the house, as the Targum rightly explains, 2Ch 3:3, are said to be after the first measure, either of that of the tabernacle by Moses, or rather of that of the pattern David gave to Solomon, 1Ch 28:11, though some understand it of the greater cubit: the holy place is called the greater house, 2Ch 3:5, being twice as long as the holy of holies; in 2Ch 3:6, we are informed what the precious stones were for, which David and his princes gave for the temple, 1Ch 29:2, that they were to decorate the house; and also what sort of gold was used in overlaying it, gold of Parvaim, which some interpret of Peru {h}, in America; but it is a question whether that was then known, or, if it was, must go by another name, since Peru is a late name given by the Spaniards, at their conquest of it. Bochart {i} takes it to be Taprobane, an island in the Indian sea, as if it was Taph Parvan or Provan, the shore of Parvan. Kircher {k} is of opinion it is the same with Javaim, the isles of Java in the same sea, from whence was gold, which is not very likely. Waserus {l} thinks Parvaim is the name of a town which is by Pliny {m} corruptly called Parbacia, which was in the land of Havilah, or the kingdom of the Charazenes, where was the best gold, Ge 2:11 though others suppose it to be the same with Ophir, by removing the first letter of the word, to which Pfeiffer {n} inclines, and is as probable as any; and much more probable than what the Jews {o} say, that this gold was so called, because it was red like the blood of "parim", oxen: in 2Ch 3:8, the quantity of gold, with which the most holy place was overlaid, is given, six hundred talents: of which See Gill on "1Ki 6:21", In 2Ch 3:9 we read of the nails with which the plates of gold were fastened to the boards, nowhere else mentioned, except in the Vulgate Latin version of 1Ki 6:21, "he fastened the plates with golden nails"; which version perhaps is most correct; the weight of which were fifty shekels of gold; that is, according to the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions, each nail weighed so much, which amounted to seventy five pounds of our money {p}. Eupolemus, an Heathen writer {q} speaks of these nails, which he makes to be silver ones; and says they were of the weight of a talent, in the form of a woman's breast, and in number four, with which the plates of gold were fastened, which were of five cubits; I suppose he means there were four of these nails in every plate of five cubits: in 2Ch 4:1 an account is given of an "altar of brass", made by Solomon, we have not elsewhere, only referred to 1Ki 8:64 whether this was only covered with brass, as that made by Moses was, as some {r} think; or whether of massy brass, as Dr. Lightfoot {s} because not to be removed as that was, is not certain; the altar of the second temple was of stones unpolished, according to the Misnah {t}, with which agrees "46 And laid up the stones in the mountain of the temple in a convenient place, until there should come a prophet to shew what should be done with them. 47 Then they took whole stones according to the law, and built a new altar according to the former;'' (1 Maccabees 4) and so Philo {u}: "twenty cubits was the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof"; it was four times as big in its square as that of Moses, and three times higher, and a cubit over, See Gill on "Ex 27:1". Hecataeus {w}, an Heathen writer, speaks of this altar as four square, and made of whole and unpolished stones, each side of which was twenty cubits, but the height of it he makes to be twelve cubits, in which he mistakes. It weighed, according to Jacob Leon {x} 7000 arobas of brass, each aroba containing twenty five pounds. The rest of the chapter agrees with the account in the book of Kings. See Gill on "1Ki 6:1" See Gill on "1Ki 6:2" See Gill on "1Ki 6:3" See Gill on "1Ki 6:4" See Gill on "1Ki 6:5" See Gill on "1Ki 6:6" See Gill on "1Ki 6:7" See Gill on "1Ki 6:8" See Gill on "1Ki 6:9" See Gill on "1Ki 6:10" See Gill on "1Ki 6:11" See Gill on "1Ki 6:12" See Gill on "1Ki 6:13" See Gill on "1Ki 6:14" See Gill on "1Ki 6:15" See Gill on "1Ki 6:16" See Gill on "1Ki 6:17" See Gill on "1Ki 6:18" See Gill on "1Ki 6:19" See Gill on "1Ki 6:20" See Gill on "1Ki 6:21" See Gill on "1Ki 6:22" See Gill on "1Ki 6:23" See Gill on "1Ki 6:24" See Gill on "1Ki 6:25" See Gill on "1Ki 6:26" See Gill on "1Ki 6:27" See Gill on "1Ki 6:28" See Gill on "1Ki 6:29" See Gill on "1Ki 6:30" See Gill on "1Ki 6:31" See Gill on "1Ki 6:32" See Gill on "1Ki 6:33" See Gill on "1Ki 6:34" See Gill on "1Ki 6:35" See Gill on "1Ki 6:36" See Gill on "1Ki 6:37" See Gill on "1Ki 6:38" See Gill on "1Ki 7:1" See Gill on "1Ki 7:2" See Gill on "1Ki 7:3" See Gill on "1Ki 7:4" See Gill on "1Ki 7:5" See Gill on "1Ki 7:6" See Gill on "1Ki 7:7" See Gill on "1Ki 7:8" See Gill on "1Ki 7:9" See Gill on "1Ki 7:10" See Gill on "1Ki 7:11" See Gill on "1Ki 7:12" See Gill on "1Ki 7:13" See Gill on "1Ki 7:14" See Gill on "1Ki 7:15" See Gill on "1Ki 7:16" See Gill on "1Ki 7:17" See Gill on "1Ki 7:18" See Gill on "1Ki 7:19" See Gill on "1Ki 7:20" See Gill on "1Ki 7:21" See Gill on "1Ki 7:22" See Gill on "1Ki 7:23" See Gill on "1Ki 7:24" See Gill on "1Ki 7:25" See Gill on "1Ki 7:26" See Gill on "1Ki 7:27" See Gill on "1Ki 7:28" See Gill on "1Ki 7:29" See Gill on "1Ki 7:30" See Gill on "1Ki 7:31" See Gill on "1Ki 7:32" See Gill on "1Ki 7:33" See Gill on "1Ki 7:34" See Gill on "1Ki 7:35" See Gill on "1Ki 7:36" See Gill on "1Ki 7:37" See Gill on "1Ki 7:38" See Gill on "1Ki 7:39" See Gill on "1Ki 7:40" See Gill on "1Ki 7:41" See Gill on "1Ki 7:42" See Gill on "1Ki 7:43" See Gill on "1Ki 7:44" See Gill on "1Ki 7:45" See Gill on "1Ki 7:46" See Gill on "1Ki 7:47" See Gill on "1Ki 7:48" See Gill on "1Ki 7:49" See Gill on "1Ki 7:50" See Gill on "1Ki 7:51" {h} Erasm. Schmid. de America Orat. ad Calc. Pindar. p. 261. Montani Phaleg. in Calc. Jac. Capellus in loc. {i} Phaleg. l. 2. c. 27. & Canaan, l. 1. c. 46. col. 692. Braunius de Vest. Sacred. Heb. p. 221. {k} Prodrom. Copt. c. 4. p. 119. {l} De Antiqu. Num. Heb. l. 1. c. 6. {m} Nat. Hist l. 6. c. 28. {n} Difficil. Script. Sacr. cent. 3. loc. 16. p. 247. {o} T. Bab. Yoma, fol. 45. 1. Hieros. Yoma, fol. 41. 4. Shemot Rabba, sect. 39. fol. 136. 4. {p} Brerewood de Ponder. &c. c. 5. {q} Apud Euseb. Praepar. Evangel. l. 9. c. 34. p. 450. {r} Cunaeus de Rep. Heb. l. 2. c. 5. {s} Prospect of the Temple, ch. 34. p. 2029. So Villalpandus. {t} Middot, c. 3. sect. 4. {u} De Victimis, p. 850. {w} Apud Euseb. Evangel. Praepar. l. 9. c. 4. p. 408. {x} Relation of Memorable Things in the Temple, ch. 4. p. 20. 2 Chronicles 3:2 Ver. 2. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:3 Ver. 3. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:4 Ver. 4. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:5 Ver. 5. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:6 Ver. 6. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:7 Ver. 7. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:8 Ver. 8. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:9 Ver. 9. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:10 Ver. 10. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:11 Ver. 11. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:12 Ver. 12. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:13 Ver. 13. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:14 Ver. 14. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:15 Ver. 15. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:16 Ver. 16. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". 2 Chronicles 3:17 Ver. 17. See Gill on "2Ch 3:1". John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible.
Sources: Matthew Henry; Gill's Exposition